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Chapter 39 - population ecology
questions from chapter 39
30
Biology
Undergraduate 2
12/10/2010

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Term
exponential growth
Definition
the number of new individuals is proportional to the size of the population
Term
logarithmic (or logistic) growth
Definition
the leveling-off of a population in response to environmental resistance
Term
mark-recapture method
Definition
method to help estimate size of population
Term
population density
Definition
number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume of habitat
Term
population size
Definition
estimated number of total species
Term
limiting factor
Definition
any factor that limits the population of a species
Term
carrying capacity
Definition
maximum number of individuals that the habitat can support indefinitely
Term
immigration
Definition
movement of individuals into a population
Term
emigration
Definition
movement of individuals out of a population
Term
population
Definition
members of the same species occupying a region
Term
proportions of marked animals were not changed, chances of being caught are equal, enough time between marking period and recapture, animals not affected by their marks, animals do not lose their marks
Definition
assumptions of mark-recapture method
Term
G = rN
Definition
exponential growth formula
Term
number of individuals added per unit time
Definition
what is G of G=rN formula
Term
rate of increase for species
Definition
what is r of G=rN formula
Term
starting number of individuals
Definition
what is N of G=rN formula
Term
no pattern, uniform, clumped
Definition
three patterns of dispersion
Term
no pattern
Definition
pattern of dispersion with steady resources, habitat conditions nearly uniform, individuals neither attract nor avoid each other
Term
uniform pattern
Definition
pattern of dispersion that is unevenly spaced, typically a result of social or other interactions
Term
clumped pattern
Definition
pattern of dispersion with resource distribution, most popular pattern
Term
J-curve
Definition
what does exponential growth look like
Term
S-curve or leveling-off after rapid growth
Definition
what does logistic (or logarithmic) growth look like
Term
density dependent
Definition
related to population density; individuals in a dense population will be affected differently by water availability
Term
density independent
Definition
not related to population density; i.e. a volcanic eruption will kill an entire population regardless of how dense it is
Term
type 1
Definition
survivorship curve in which there are few offspring, parental care, and high chance of survivorship (humans)
Term
type 2
Definition
survivorship curve in which there is equal chance for life/death throughout the life of the organism (birds)
Term
type 3
Definition
survivorship curve in which there is a high number of offspring, and rapid death rate (flies)
Term
stage one
Definition
in which phase of demographic transition do death rates and birth rates become high and roughly in balance (pre-industrial society)
Term
stage two
Definition
in which phase of demographic transition do the death rates drop rapidly due to improvements in food supply and sanitation, which increase life spans and reduce disease(developing country)
Term
stage three
Definition
in which phase of demographic transition do birth rates fall due to access to contraception, increases in wages, urbanization, a reduction in subsistence agriculture, etc.
Term
stage four
Definition
in which phase of demographic transition are there both low birth rates and low death rates
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