Term
| Why are plants important? |
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Definition
| They provide themselves and us with a source of energy from the sun. Consumers cannot make their own energy. |
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Term
| How does the flow of energy move through an ecosystem? |
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Definition
| It moves only one way - moving from the sun through plants (photosynthesis)then through other organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| No - chemosynthetic plants live under the water and are not necessarily green |
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Term
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Definition
| A plant that converts the sun's energy and inorganic substances into energy rich compounds |
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Term
| Why are autotrophs called producers? |
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Definition
| Because they make food that is used by the entire community |
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Term
| What is Earth's main source of energy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Models the flow of energy through organisms in a community
Shows the transfer of energy from one organism to the next
Only one way energy can flow - left to right |
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Term
| Why are plants so important for life on Earth? |
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Definition
| They use the radiant energy from the sun through the process of photosynthesis to convert inorganic compounds (nonliving) into energy for themselves and other organisms |
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Term
| What are photosynthetic organisms? |
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Definition
| Use the sun to make energy. The plants have chlorophyll that allows them to photosynthesize |
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Term
| What do the arrows show in a food chain? |
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Definition
| The transfer of energy and matter from one organism to the next |
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Term
| What are chemosynthetic bacteria? |
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Definition
Don't need sunlight to make their own energy. Use inorganic material
Found around hydrothermal vents in the ocean |
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Term
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Definition
| Obtains energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms- They cannot make their own food |
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Term
| Are heterotrophs consumers or producers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens as you climb to the top of the trophic pyramid? |
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Definition
| About 10% of energy is passed on to the next level. 90% of the energy consumed is lost due to body heat and body functions |
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Term
| What are tropic levels in an ecological community? |
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Definition
| Shows how energy and matter transfer in an ecological community |
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Term
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Definition
| They are heterotrophs - an organism that cannot make its own food |
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Term
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Definition
| Eats both plants and animals |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of a group of food chains within an ecosystem |
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Term
| How many tropic levels are in the pyramid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is on top of the tropic level pyramid? |
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Definition
| Top predator - tertiary consumer |
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Term
| Who is on bottom of the tropic level pyramid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is found at each of the tropic level pyramid levels? |
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Definition
producers
primary consumers
secondary consumers
tertiary consumers |
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Term
| Where are the most organisms found in the tropic level pyramid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the fewest organisms found in the tropic level pyramid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Another name for producer |
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Definition
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Term
| Another name for primary consumers |
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Definition
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Term
| another name for secondary consumer |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for tertiary consumers? |
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Definition
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Term
| another name for tertiary consumer |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are decomposers important? |
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Definition
They break down material into simpler nutrients so they can be reused
They recycle nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| A consumer that feeds on the tissues of dead animals |
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Term
| What is biological magnification? |
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Definition
| The build up of pollutants in an organism at the higher trophic levels of a food chain |
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Term
| According to the article you read in class, who is responsible for global warming? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| feeds on wastes and dead organic matter from all trophic levels |
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Term
| What happens to the biomass as you go up the pyramid? |
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Definition
The amount of material available decreases - fewer organisms occupy each higher trophic level
More biomass is found at the bottom of the pyramid |
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Term
| Biological magnification is also known as ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do toxins accumulate at the top of the food chain? |
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Definition
| The consumers at the top of the food chain need more energy and therefore consume more food |
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Term
| Explain the energy pyramid. |
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Definition
bottom of pyramid has more energy
10% of all energy at one level gets transferred to the next level |
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Term
| Define and explain biomass |
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Definition
| The total mass of ALL ORGANISMS at a given trophic level within an ecosystem |
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Term
| Why doesn't all biomass get consumed? |
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Definition
some things can't be consumed - example: teeth, fur, shells
Many organisms are not consumed by organisms therefore the biomass isn't be passed on |
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Term
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Definition
| A web consisting of all interconnected food chains within a food ecosystem |
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Term
| Explain the biomass pyramid. |
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Definition
Producer on bottom
Top carnivore on top
Shows total mass of organisms in a community |
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Term
| According to the article you read in class, has carbon dioxide increased or decreased over the last several years? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is most of the energy found in the ecological pyramid? |
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Definition
most - lower levels of pyramid
least - higher levels of pyramid |
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Term
| Explain the number of organisms at each level of a pyramid. |
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Definition
least number of organisms found on top of the pyramid
Most number of organisms found at the bottom of the pyramid |
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Term
| According to the article you read, what causes global warming? |
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Definition
build up of heat - trapping gases from fossil fuels known as greenhouse gases
deforestation - widespread cutting down of trees |
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Term
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Definition
| NO - it must continually be replenished by the sun by the process of photosynthesis |
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Term
| What is a substitute for fossil fuels? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gas is responsible for global warming? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are there natural polluters that contribute to global warming? What are they? |
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Definition
4 stomach animals - release methane - burps and toots
volcanoes - releases carbon dioxide, and other gases
swamps - release methane |
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Term
| How many ice ages has their been in Earth's history? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is global warming hurting animals? |
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Definition
polar bear - losing melting ice
salmon - rising temperatures are killing fish |
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Term
| In an energy pyramid, an elk would be considered a _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Why should the USA find alternative fuel sources? |
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Definition
Fossil fuels are not sustainable
Fossil fuels make us dependent on foreign countries
Fossil fuels cause pollution |
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Term
| Can nutrients be recycled? |
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Definition
| Yes - they can be recycled by decomposers! |
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Term
| How do animals go through the carbon cycle? |
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Definition
cellular respiration - food they eat gets converted to glucose
when glucose is broken down, carbon dioxide is given off as a waste product |
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Term
| How do plants go through the carbon cycle? |
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Definition
| photosynthesis - take up carbon dioxide from the air or water to manufacture glucose |
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Term
| What do the arrows in a food web represent? |
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Definition
| Transfer of energy from one organism to the next |
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Term
| Both energy and nutrients can be recycled T or F |
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Definition
| false - energy cannot be recycled only nutrients |
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Term
| The flow of energy can move forward and backwards in an ecosystem - T or F |
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Definition
| False - energy only moves from left to right |
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Term
| What can humans do to fight against global warming? |
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Definition
do not waste drinking water
conserve fossil fuels |
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Term
| How can nitrogen change into other useable compounds? |
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Definition
Lighting
BACTERIA
decomposers |
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Term
| Why are scientists worried about high levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? |
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Definition
| Some scientists believe that increased carbon dioxide may lead to changes in Earth's climate. |
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Term
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Definition
| done by plants - need carbon dioxide from air for it to occur |
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Term
| Cellular respiration is ... |
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Definition
When humans break down their food (glucose)
They produce carbon dioxide in the process |
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Term
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Definition
| Once living materials that are energy rich - have gone through a chemical change and produce a lot of energy when burned |
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Term
| Even though a river has a small amount of contaminates, it can produce deadly results T or F |
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Definition
| True - top predators are affected the most |
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Term
| How much nitrogen is in the air we breathe? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the nitrogen in the air in a usable form? |
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Definition
| NO it must first be converted into other compounds before it can be used by most living things |
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Term
| What is the nitrogen cycle? |
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Definition
| The pathway by which nitrogen moves through the environment |
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Term
| What is nitrogen fixation? |
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Definition
| The process nitrogen in the air goes through to be converted into usable nitrogen |
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Term
| How is most nitrogen changed into a useable form? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Is the continual movement of water from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back to the surface again |
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Term
| What powers the water cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is global warming a proven science? |
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Definition
| NO - is not a proven science |
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Term
| What is the formula for photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| carbon dioxide + water + chlorophyll + sunlight produces glucose and oxygen |
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Term
| Are both photosynthesis and cellular respiration involved in the carbon cycle? yes no |
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Definition
yes
photosynthesis - takes in carbon dioxide
cellular respiration - releases carbon dioxide |
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