Term
| “____ is a general term that encompasses a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electrical charge” |
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Definition
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Term
| “___ is anything that has mass and occupies space. ” |
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Definition
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Term
| “____ form the basis of matter. All matter is composed of ___ and ____ combinations of one or more of the elements. ” |
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Definition
| Elements; mixtures; chemical |
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Term
| “Any material composed of two or more elements that have combined chemically in a particular order is called a ___.” |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a compound? |
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Definition
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Term
| “A molecule represents the smallest particle of a ___ that has the chemical characteristics of that ___. A molecule is composed of ___ of two or more elements. For example, water molecules consist of two atoms of ___ and one atom of ___” |
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Definition
| compound; compound; atoms; hydrogen; oxygen |
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Term
-the molecule is the smallest particle of a ___ whereas the atom is the smallest particle of an ___.
-Just as a compound is made up of ___, an element is made up of ___. |
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Definition
| compound; element; molecules; atoms |
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Term
| “An atom is the smallest distinguishable particle into which an element can be ____ without losing the ___ properties of that element. Atoms are very small with a radius on the order of ___ meters.” |
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Definition
| divided; chemical; 10^–10 |
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Term
| Protons, electrons, and neutrons are the 3 basic building blocks of atoms and are referred to as ___ ___ |
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Definition
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Term
-___ and ___ from the center, or nucleus, of the atom
-___ posit their revolution around the nucleus, similar to the revolution of planets around the sun |
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Definition
| Protons and neutrons; Electrons |
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Term
| “Electricity begins at the level of the ___. It is a property of ___ and ___ that causes them to behave in certain predictable ways.” |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the unit of an electrical charge? |
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Definition
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Term
| “One ___ is defined as the amount of electric charge transported in one second by a steady current of one ampere. A proton has a positive charge with a magnitude of 1.602 × ____ coulombs. An electron, on the other hand, has an equivalent charge to that of the proton, but the charge is ___ rather than ____” |
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Definition
| coulomb; 10^–19; negative; positive |
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Term
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Definition
| “Two particles with the same charge (e.g., both have positive charges or both have negative charges) have a repulsive electrostatic force that propels the particles away from each other. Two particles with opposing charges (e.g., one particle has a positive charge and one particle has a negative charge) have an attracting electrostatic force that propels the particles towards each other” |
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Term
-“An ___ is an atom or a molecule with a net negative charge that is more or less than the net electrical charge”
-“___ ions are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons from its outermost shell or “orbit” (electrons in this outermost shell are called ___ electrons)” |
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Definition
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Term
| “process by which atoms gain or lose electrons from the valence shell yielding an atom with a net electrical charge is called ___.” |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a positive ion called? |
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Definition
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Term
| “As electrons have negative charges, an atom that gains an extra electron becomes a negative ion, which is termed an ___” |
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Definition
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Term
| “___ ___ is the redistribution of charges in an object due to the influence of nearby electrical charges.” |
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Definition
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Term
| Force in electronics (voltage), like the force (dynes) in mechanics is a vector quantity and therefore has ___ as well as ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| “___ ___ refers to an orderly flow of electric charge through a medium in a particular direction.” |
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Definition
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Term
| “The SI unit of current is ___ and the device used to measure current in a circuit is called an ___.” |
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Definition
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Term
| “The flow of electrons through the wire between the terminals is ___ ___ (defined as flow of electrons/unit of time), which travels from a negative charged terminal to a positive charged terminal.” |
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Definition
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Term
| “Although it is now understood that ___ flow toward ___ charges, by convention, the direction of the flow of current is considered opposite to the direction of the flow of ___, consistent with older theories whereby positive charges were thought to be flowing toward the ___ electron charges. Conventional current can be defined as the rate of flow of charge through a ___ in the conductor.” |
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Definition
| electrons; positive; electrons; negative; point |
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Term
| “current flow is in the ___ direction as electron flow, that is, from ___ to ___.” |
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Definition
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Term
| “As current flow is conventionally specified, based on older theories, to be in the direction opposite that of ___ ___, it is accepted that current flows from a ___ electrical potential to a ___ electrical potential. Electrical potential at a given point in a circuit can be defined as the difference in electrical charge between that ___ and the ground ___ in that circuit.” |
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Definition
| electron flow; higher; lower; point; reference |
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Term
| “When there is a difference between electrical potentials at two points, we say that a ___ ___ exists. This potential difference is what we commonly refer to as the ___ (force in a mechanical system)” |
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Definition
| potential difference; voltage |
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Term
| What is the SI unit of voltage? |
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Definition
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Term
| “Ohm’s law states that the magnitude of electrical current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the ___ ___ or the ___ between the two points across which a potential difference exists, and is inversely proportional to the ___ between these two points” |
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Definition
| potential difference; voltage; resistance |
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Term
| What are the relations among V, I, and R? |
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Definition
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Term
| “___ is defined as the rate of the release of electrical energy." |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the unit of electrical power? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is also expressed as what? |
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Definition
| joules per second (J/sec) |
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Term
| “We are referring to power when we describe the ___ of a light bulb; for example, a 100-watt bulb emits ____ or ___ |
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Definition
| strength; 100 J/sec or 100 watts.” |
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Term
| “The Voltage Law states that the voltage drop in an electrical circuit is equal to the ___ voltage. In other words, the voltage remaining in the circuit after the drop is ___” |
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Definition
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Term
| “The Law of Electrical Current states that at any electrical junction of a circuit, the sum of the current entering the junction is equal to the ___ of the current leaving the junction. In other words, the sum of the current at the junction is __” |
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Definition
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Term
| Current is like ___ in a mechanical system. |
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Definition
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Term
| Voltage is also called ___ ___ |
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Definition
| electromotive force (EMF) |
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Term
| “The EMF is a force that causes electron flow in a ___ ___ inside a conductor.” |
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Definition
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Term
| “The larger the difference in electrical potential between two points (potential difference) the ___ the voltage or force. ” |
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Definition
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Term
| “Resistance (R) in an electrical system is the analog of resistance resulting from ___ in a mechanical system. Its function in an electrical system is to resist the ___ ___, that is, to slow current flow by converting the electrical energy into ___ ___ of energy such as heat, light, or sound. ” |
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Definition
| friction; current flow; various forms |
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Term
| “The SI unit of resistivity is ___" |
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Definition
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Term
| Conductors have ___ resistivity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| “Connecting a battery of V volts in series with the tungsten filament of the light bulb is called ___ of the light bulb.” |
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Definition
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Term
| “the filament of the bulb has a ___ resistance value. When we connect a potential difference of V volts across the bulb, a current of I ___ flows through the tungsten filament causing a ___ ___ of V volts across the filament resistance R (like converting energy into heat by heating up the resistor). The filament offers ___ resistance to the flow of electrons through it. These electrons use their energy to do ___ against the resistance to keep flowing through the circuit. The work done by the electrons ___ up the filament to a very high temperature and causes it to glow and emit light. Thus, the resistance here is used to convert electrical energy into usable ___ energy.” |
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Definition
| large; amperes; voltage drop; high; work; heats; light |
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Term
| “The resistors are ___ coded so that the user can easily read these parameters. Resistors commonly have ___ color bands. |
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Definition
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Term
-Resistors are connected in ___ when they are connected one after another, forming a chain; imagine a chain of soldiers standing in a single line.
-When resistors are connected in ___, it is similar to two lines of soldiers parallel to each other. |
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Definition
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Term
| The total equivalent resistance of the circuit increases when we connect resistors in ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a common example of an in-series connection? |
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Definition
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Term
-If resistors are connected in parallel, then the current will ___ such that some current will flow through each resistor. So if R1 stops working, some current will still flow through the ___ resistors
-In contrast, if the resistors were connected in series, then the current would flow through a ___ path through all of the resistors, and if one resistor stopped working, the current would ___ flow through the other resistors. |
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Definition
| divide; remaining; single; not |
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Term
-A series circuit has ___ total equivalent resistance, ___ current flow, and ___ battery drainage
-A parallel circuit a ___ total equivalent resistance, ___ current flow, and ___ battery drainage |
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Definition
| larger; less; lower; smaller; higher; higher |
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Term
| ___ is the process of connecting the appliance body to the physical ground or earth to avoid a buildup of electric potential that can damage the circuit and insulation because of high voltages. Grounding limits the buildup of ___ electricity when handling flammable substances and repairing circuits. |
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Definition
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