Term
| Isolated musculoskeletal injuries: |
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Definition
| often result in short- or long-term disability |
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Term
| A function of the musculoskeletal system is hematopoiesis, which is defined as the process of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following structures is NOT part of the axial skeleton? |
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Definition
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Term
| The appendicular skeleton is composed of the: |
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Definition
| pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and bones of the extremities |
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Term
| Which of the following bones is MOST vulnerable to injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| The upper extremity joins the shoulder girdle at the |
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Definition
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Term
| The carpals, especially the scaphoid, are MOST vulnerable to fracture when a person: |
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Definition
| falls on an outstretched hand. |
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Term
| The ischium, ilium, and pubis are fused together to form the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Hip fractures are actually fractures of the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is not a component of the knee joint |
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Term
| When a person jumps from a height and lands on his or her feet, direct trauma occurs to the |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ is a dense, fibrous membrane that is important for bone repair and maintenance. |
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Definition
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Term
| After 35 years of age, age-related decrease in bone density is accelerated in females because: |
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Definition
| of decreased estrogen levels secondary to menopause |
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Term
| Osteoporosis is MOST accurately defined as a(n) |
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Definition
| significant decrease in bone density |
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Term
| The joints that connect the ribs to the sternum are examples of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| are the most mobile joints of the body |
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Term
| A ____________ is a padlike sac or cavity located within the connective tissue, usually in proximity to a joint |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure helps maintain the stability of a joint and determines the degree of joint motion? |
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Definition
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Term
| By maintaining a state of partial contraction, __________ muscle allows the body to maintain its posture. |
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Definition
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Term
| Skeletal muscles that are not used or exercised tend to: |
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Definition
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Term
| The energy for muscular contraction is derived from the metabolism of _______ and results in the production of _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Skeletal muscle is innervated by: |
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Definition
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Term
| The upper extremity's blood supply originates from the |
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Definition
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Term
| The anterior and posterior tibial arteries are direct subdivisions of the |
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Definition
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Term
| A pathologic fracture occurs when |
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Definition
| an occult medical condition causes abnormal bone weakness |
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Term
| Which of the following is the BEST example of an indirect injury? |
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Definition
| Shoulder dislocation secondary to falling on an outstretched hand |
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Term
| Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would MOST likely occur together? |
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Definition
| Knee dislocation and tibial fracture |
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Term
| What type of fracture occurs at an angle across the bone and is typically caused by direct or twisting force? |
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Definition
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Term
| A stress fracture would MOST likely occur when |
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Definition
| the muscle develops faster than the bone and places exaggerated stress on the bone |
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Term
| The MOST significant immediate risk associated with an open fracture is: |
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Definition
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Term
| In a closed femur fracture, blood loss may exceed _______ before enough pressure develops to tamponade the bleeding. |
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Definition
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Term
| The MOST reliable sign of a fracture is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements regarding a nondisplaced fracture is correct? |
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Definition
| Nondisplaced fractures are generally caused by low-energy trauma and are typically not associated with deformity |
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Term
| A patient standing with his or her head cocked toward a knocked-down left shoulder MOST likely has a fracture of the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Eliciting for crepitus during your exam of a deformed extremity: |
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Definition
| may cause further injury to the bone and surrounding soft tissues |
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Term
| The BEST way to detect deformity or any other abnormality in an injured extremity is to |
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Definition
| manipulate the extremity to assess for false motion |
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Term
| A subluxation occurs when |
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Definition
| a joint is partially dislocated |
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Term
| A dislocation is considered an urgent injury because of its potential to cause: |
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Definition
| neurovascular compromise. |
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Term
| The sudden twisting of a joint beyond its normal range of motion, causing a temporary subluxation, is called a: |
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Definition
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Term
| Immediate pain from the heel to the calf and a sudden inability for plantar flexion of the foot is MOST indicative of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Signs of bursitis include all of the following, EXCEPT |
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Definition
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Term
| In contrast to osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis: |
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Definition
| is a systemic inflammatory disease that affects joints and other body systems. |
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Term
| When assessing a multisystems trauma patient, it is MOST important to: |
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Definition
| avoid being distracted by visually impressive injuries |
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Term
| Closed bilaterally fractured femurs can result in internal blood loss of up to: |
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Definition
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Term
| After ensuring your own safety, your next priority when caring for a patient with an extremity injury is to: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT one of the 6 Ps of musculoskeletal injury assessment? |
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Definition
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Term
| When assessing distal pulses in a patient with a lower extremity injury, it is MOST important to: |
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Definition
| compare the strength of the pulses in both lower extremities |
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Term
| Which of the following medical conditions would MOST likely cause changes in sensation in a patient with an extremity injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| The goal of prehospital pain control in a patient with a musculoskeletal injury should be to: |
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Definition
| diminish the patient's pain to a tolerable level |
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Term
| Swelling and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal injuries are reduced: |
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Definition
| if cold packs are applied during the acute stage of the injury |
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Term
| Correctly splinting an injured extremity: |
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Definition
| helps to control internal bleeding by allowing clots to form where vessels are damaged. |
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Term
| The FIRST step in splinting a musculoskeletal injury involves: |
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Definition
| exposing and assessing the injury site |
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Term
| The MOST practical method of splinting multiple fractures in a critically injured patient is to: |
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Definition
| splint the axial skeleton using a long backboard |
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Term
| You should NOT apply a pneumatic splint on a patient if he or she: |
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Definition
| has an open fracture in which bone ends are exposed |
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Term
| The likelihood of experiencing systemic complications from a musculoskeletal injury is related to all of the following factors, EXCEPT the: |
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Definition
| splinting method used in the field |
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT an intervention the paramedic can perform to help reduce the risk of long-term disability following a musculoskeletal injury? |
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Definition
| Prehospital fracture reduction |
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Term
| Compartment syndrome occurs when: |
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Definition
| pressure in the fascial compartment leads to impaired circulation, sensory changes, and progressive muscle death |
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Term
| The return of myoglobin to the systemic circulation following a crush injury would result in all of the following conditions, EXCEPT: |
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Definition
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Term
| The risk of a pulmonary embolism following musculoskeletal trauma is HIGHEST in patients with: |
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Definition
| pelvic and lower extremity injuries that lead to prolonged immobilization. |
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Term
| Common signs and symptoms of an acute pulmonary embolism include all of the following, EXCEPT: |
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Definition
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Term
| You arrive at the scene of a motorcycle crash and find the rider lying supine approximately 20 feet from his bike; he is still wearing his helmet. As you approach him, you note that he has bilaterally deformed femurs. You should: |
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Definition
| manually stabilize his head and assess his airway. |
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Term
| A 40-year-old woman has an unstable pelvis following a motor vehicle crash. She is conscious but confused. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg, pulse is 120 beats/min and weak at the radial arteries, and respirations are 24 breaths/min and shallow. After starting at least one large-bore IV line, you should: |
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Definition
| give enough isotonic crystalloid fluids to improve her mental status and radial pulse quality |
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Term
| A 60-year-old woman slipped and fell on an icy sidewalk and landed on her outstretched hand. Your assessment reveals that she has an obvious Colles fracture. The patient denies any other injuries and is conscious and alert. Her vital signs are stable and she describes her pain as a 2 on a scale of 0 to 10. Given this patient's current status, the MOST appropriate way to treat her injury involves: |
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Definition
| administering analgesia and then properly splinting her injury |
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Term
| A young man has an isolated injury to his left lower leg. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity and ecchymosis. Distal circulation as well as motor and sensory functions are grossly intact, and the patient is hemodynamically stable. In addition to stabilizing the suspected fracture site, you should: |
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Definition
| immobilize the knee and the ankle |
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Term
| A 19-year-old man experienced direct trauma to his left elbow. Your assessment reveals gross deformity and ecchymosis. His arm is pink and warm, and he has a strong radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital will be delayed. You should: |
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Definition
| splint the elbow in the position found and reassess distal circulation |
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Term
| You have applied board splints to a suspected lower leg fracture in a young woman and have given her fentanyl for pain. En route to the hospital, the patient states that the pain is excruciating. Further narcotics fail to relieve the pain. Reassessment of the injured area reveals that the overlying skin is taut and the pedal pulse is weak. You should: |
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Definition
| loosen the splint, elevate the leg, apply ice, and notify the hospital |
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Term
| A 45-year-old man was cutting down a large tree when it collapsed, pinning him at the thighs. The patient's wife found him approximately 4 hours after the incident. The patient is conscious and in severe pain. His blood pressure is 128/68 mm Hg, pulse is 120 beats/min and regular, and respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. In addition to supplemental oxygen and cardiac monitoring, which of the following treatments should you provide BEFORE the tree is removed from his legs? |
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Definition
| IV therapy with a crystalloid fluid bolus and albuterol via nebulizer or mucosal atomizer device |
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Term
| A 68-year-old woman presents with an acute onset of dyspnea and sharp chest pain. Her medical history is significant for a hip replacement 2 weeks ago. The patient is conscious and alert, with a blood pressure of 112/58 mm Hg, pulse rate of 90 beats/min and irregular, and respirations of 22 breaths/min and labored. Which of the following treatment interventions is MOST appropriate for this patient? |
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Definition
| Oxygenation and ventilation support and rapid transport |
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Term
| A 71-year-old man slipped on wet grass and landed on his left side. He denies losing consciousness before or after the fall and is presently conscious and alert. He complains of pain to his left hip and in his neck. Your assessment reveals a hematoma to the left side of his head and an external rotation and shortening of his left leg. His vital signs are stable. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: |
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Definition
| supplemental oxygen, spinal motion restriction precautions, an IV line of normal saline, stabilization of his hip with pillows, fentanyl if needed, and transport. |
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Term
| A 17-year-old man jumped from a second-story balcony and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to both of his heels and knees. Your assessment reveals swelling and ecchymosis to both of his feet. His vital signs are stable and he is breathing without difficulty. In addition to caring for his lower-extremity injuries, it is MOST important that you: |
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Definition
| apply spinal motion restriction precautions. |
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