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| The first two years of life are known as infancy.During infancy, a child shows tremendous growth as well as an increase in physical coordination and mental development. Also during this stage the infant learns to crawl, sit, walk, roll over, and by the end of infancy a child utters his or her first words. |
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| Childhood is the period of growth and development that extends from infancy to adolescence, when puberty begins. physically, the childhood years are a period of relatively steady growth. |
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| At adulthood his or her body undergoes many distincy changes. Metabolism and digestion became slower, the skin loses some of its elasticity, and less pigment is produced in the hair follicles, bones often become thinner and more brittle, resulting in an increased risk of fracture. |
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| Puberty refers to the time when secondary sex characteristics begin to develop so that sexual maturity--is reached. The changes associated with puberty are controlled by sex hormones secreted by the endocrine system. |
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| Dilation occurs when the contractions open, or dilate, the cervix to allow for passage of the baby, then when the opening of the cervix is about 10 cm, it is fully dilated. |
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| Expulsion occurs when the involuntary uterine contractions become so forceful that they push the baby through the cervix into the birth canal. |
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| Within 10-15 minutes after the birth of the baby, the placenta seperates from the uterine wall and is expelled with the remains of the embryonic membranes. These materials are known as the afterbirth. |
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| The lower end of the uterus that tapers to a narrow opening into the vagina. |
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| What is an amniotic fluid? |
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| * The amnion is a thin, inner membrane filled with a clear, watery amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid serves as a shock absorber and helps regulate the body temperature of the developing embryo. |
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| What is the umbilical cord? |
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| A ropelike structure that attaches the embryo to the wall of the uterus. |
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| Labor is the physiological and physical changes a female goes through to give birth. |
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| Birth is the process by which a fetus is pushed out of the uterus and the mother's body and into the outside world. |
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| At menopause the female stops releasing eggs and secretion of female hormones decreases. |
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| For fertilization to occur, sperm must be present in the oviduct at some point during those first hours after ovulation. |
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| In females, the hollow, muscular organ in which the offspring of placental mammals develop. |
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| An oviduct is a tube that transports eggs from the ovary to the uterus. |
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| What is the menstrual cycle? |
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| Is the series of changes in the female reproductive system that includes producing an egg and preparing the uterus for receiving. |
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| Adolescence follows childhood. At puberty, the onset of adolescence, there is often a growth spurt, sometimes quite a dramatic one. |
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| An iron-containing protein molecule |
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| Antigens are substances that stimulate an immune response in the body. |
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| Is a tubelike passageway for air flow that connects with two bronchi tubes that lead into the lungs. |
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| Artery: Large, thick-walled muscular vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. |
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| A nephron is an individual filtering unit of the kidneys. |
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| Atrium is the two upper chambers of the heart. |
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| Alveoli are the sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion between the air and blood. |
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| The largest blood vessel in the body. |
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| Are small cell fragments which help blood clot after an injury. * Platelets help link together a sticky network of protein fibers called fibrin, which forms a web over the wound that traps escaping blood cells. |
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| Pulse is a surge of blood through an artery that can be felt on the surface of the body. |
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| Capillaries are microscopic blood vessels with walls only one cell thick that allow diffusion of gases and nutrients between the blood and surrounding tissues. |
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| A ventricle is two lower chambers of the mammalian heart; receive blood from the atria and send it to the lungs and arteries. |
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| Is a passageway to the outside of the females body. |
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| A sperm is haploid male sex cells produced by meiosis. |
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| Veins are large blood vessels that carry blood from the tissues back toward the heart. |
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| * main gland of the endocrine system that controls many other endocrine glands. |
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| * in females: a group of epithelial cells that surround a developing egg cell. |
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| Semen is the combination of sperm and fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands. |
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| Implantation is the attachement of the blastocyst to the lining of the uterus. |
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| an epididymis is in human males, the coiled tube within the scrotum in which the sperm complete maturation. |
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| A testosterone influences sperm cell production. |
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| Estrogen is the steroid hormone responsible for the secondary sex characteristics of females. |
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