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Four classes of biomolecules in any living thing
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| Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, necleic acids |
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| ________ is an essential ingredient in all biomolecules |
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| The chemistry of _______ makes diverse molecules possible. |
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| Carbon has 6 electrons... where? |
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Definition
2 inner shell
4 outer shell |
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| The Carbon atom can share with how many different atoms? |
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| Chains of carbon atoms bonded exclusively to hydrogen atoms, Can be branched or circularoctane |
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| Carbon chain of a biomolecule is called its _________ or _________ |
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| Organic molecules that have identical molecular formulas but a different arrangement of atoms |
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| _________ __________ can be linked to form large biomolecules |
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| ________ ________ builds polymers from monomers by removing water |
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| __________ __________ splits polymers into monomers by adding water |
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| In order for these reactions, or almost any other type of reaction, to occur in a cell, an __________ must be present |
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Definition
| energy sources and structural components |
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Term
Simple carbohydrates are:
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Definition
the sweet tasting sugars. They provide quick energy.
*Monosaccharides: single sugar molecule
*Disaccharide: contains two monosaccharides that have come together during a dehydration reaction |
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Term
| Complex Carbohydrates do what? |
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Definition
Store energy
Polysaccharides-polymers of monosaccharides
Used for short-term energy storage |
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Definition
•Fats
•Oils
•Phospholipids
•Waxes
•steroids |
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Definition
| energy storage, forming plasmid membranes, insulation, preventing water loss, signaling in the body |
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Definition
•Saturated–no double bonds between carbon atoms
•Unsaturated–one or more double bonds between carbon atoms
•Trans fats –often found in processed food |
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Definition
Information molecules
Example: DNA & RNA |
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Term
The nucleotide ATP is the cell’s energy carrier.
Define ATP. |
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Definition
•Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
•Composed of adenosine (adenine plus ribose) plus 3 phosphate groups
•Adenine=base, ribose=sugar, phosphate
•High-energy molecule
•ATP is hydrolyzed to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a phosphate molecule
•Breakdown of ATP releases energy
•Coupled to energy-requiring processes
•Cells use glucose to make ATPadenosine |
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Definition
| DNA deoxyribonucleic acid |
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Definition
•Bases held together by hydrogen bonds
•Complementary bases
•Thymine (T) is always paired with adenine (A)
•Guanine (G) is always paired with cytosine (C)
•Base pair sequence encodes information about making a protein
•Double-stranded
•Sugar and phosphate molecules make up sides of ladder
•Complementary paired bases make up rungs |
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Definition
•Nucleotide
•Sugar = ribose
•Bases = A, G, U, C
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DNA's wing man
Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins |
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| ____ is synthesized using DNA as a template |
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| _______ is a copy of a gene |
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| ____________ are the most versatile biomolecule |
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Definition
Proteins
*50% of dry weight of most cells |
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Term
| Several functions of Protein: |
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Definition
•Support
•Metabolism
•Transport
•Defense
•Regulation
•Motion |
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