Term
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Definition
| the amount of heat required to break a bond |
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Term
| homolytic cleavage/bond homolysis |
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Definition
| when a bond breaks in such a way that the two bonding electrons divide equally between the two participating atoms or fragments |
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Term
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Definition
| fragments that form from bond breaking that have an unpaired election & are composed of more than one atom |
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Term
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Definition
| when a bond breaks & the entire bonding electron pair is donated to one of the atoms |
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Term
| dissociation energies refer only to _____ cleavages |
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Definition
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Term
| radicals are _____ by hyperconjugation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| C-H and C-C bonds rupturing when alkanes are heated to a high temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| breaking an alkane down into smaller fragments |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a detailed, step-by-step description of all the changes in bonding that occur in a reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| the step in a mechanism that generates reactive species that permit the subsequent steps in the overall reaction to take place |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when radicals & free atoms undergo direct covalent bonding with one another in a mechanism; ends the propagation of the chains giving rise to the radicals or atoms |
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Term
| _____ transition states are frequently characteristic of fast, exothermic processes |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ transition states are frequently typical of relatively slow, endothermic reactions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| early transition states = fast, exothermic process; late transition states = slow, endothermic reaction |
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Term
| fluorine displays very little _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| bromination of a compound is highly _____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| complete oxidation; literally "burning"; a process in which all carbon atoms are converted into CO2 (gas) & all hydrogens into H2O (liquid) |
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Term
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Definition
| the heat released in the burning of a molecule |
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Term
| are the heats of combustions of isomeric alkanes the same or different? |
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Definition
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Term
| is an isomer that has a higher heat of combustion considered more or less thermodynamically stable than its isomer? |
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Definition
| higher heat of combustion = less thermodynamically stable isomer |
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