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a nonrandom technique which a research participant is picked, and they pick further participants.
Helpful for identifying hidden populations |
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a number of groups are identified in population, some clusters are randomly chosen for participation
ex) Want to study elementary school teacher's attitude. Randomly pick schools from cluster, and randomly pick teachers from schools |
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| How accurately does a particular measurement measures what it's supposed to |
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nonrandom; using whatever participants are available
Problem: run into nonsampling error where everyone is not represented |
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two measurements that attempt to measure the same hypthetical construct with one another
ex) measuring depression by one test while someone else measures it a different way |
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| degree to which two measurements that should be assessing different constructs lead to different values |
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| How well does research apply to people outside of the study in the real world |
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| can results apply to people and situations beyond sample of individuals observed |
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concept that's useful for understanding behavior and thought but is complex and not directly observable
ex) love |
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| Shows casual relationship between IV and DV without being influenced by extreneous variables |
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| Iterrater (interobserver) relability |
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| Measure of consistenct of observation of single situation made by different people |
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| error in collecting data due to poor measurement or representation of population |
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| nonrepresentative sample because some members of population are systematically excluded from participation |
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| working definition of an abstract idea used based off of how it will be mesured |
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| any person in population has specified probability of being included in sample |
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| Puposive (judgmental) sampling |
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nonrandom; participants are chosen based on desirable characteristic, such as expertise
(could help with influencing interrater reliability) |
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| nonrandom; subgroups are identified and a specified a number of individuals from ech group are included in research |
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| participants are nonsystematically placed in different treatment groups that are equivalent at start |
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| measure of consistency and reproducibility of data using same methodolgy on more than 1 occasion |
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| each person in population has equal chance of being included |
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| measures consistency of data across subgroups when things are broken down into smaller segments |
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| Statistical conclusion validity |
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| if you use appropriate statistical test to gain results- the study will have |
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| Stratified random sampling |
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Definition
| groups of interest are identified and participants are chosen at random from said groups |
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apparently unbiased but nonrandom sample is created
(creating random list then selecting every 5th name) |
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| measure of consistency of data collected at different points in time |
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| does measurement provide information on what we really wanted to study |
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