Term
| Anatomically, the abdominal cavity extends from the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following factors can decrease the potential damage caused by trauma to the abdomen? |
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Definition
| Toned abdominal muscles and an empty bladder |
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Term
| EMS providers can have the MOST positive impact on mortality and morbidity from abdominal trauma by: |
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Definition
| recognizing the need for rapid transport. |
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Term
| The abdomen extends superiorly to the level of the: |
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Definition
| fourth intercostal space. |
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Term
| The periumbilical area refers to the: |
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Definition
| area around the umbilicus. |
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Term
| What membranous tissue functions as the point of attachment for the various abdominal organs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Intraperitoneal organs include all of the following, EXCEPT the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following organs lies within the retroperitoneal space? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements regarding the liver is correct? |
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Definition
| The liver is a solid organ that lies in the right upper abdominal quadrant and detoxifies the blood. |
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a function of the pancreas? |
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Definition
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Term
| As contents exit the stomach, they FIRST pass through the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The diaphragm curves from its point of attachment at the _______ rib and peaks in the center at the _______ intercostal space |
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Definition
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Term
| Intraabdominal bleeding may produce few signs and symptoms of trauma because: |
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Definition
| the intraabdominal cavity can accommodate large amounts of blood. |
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Term
| What do the spleen and liver have in common? |
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Definition
| They are both highly vascular and bleed profusely when injured. |
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Term
| The major complication associated with hollow organ injury is: |
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Definition
| peritonitis caused by rupture and spillage of toxins. |
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Term
| At least two thirds of all abdominal injuries |
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Definition
|
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Term
| During the third collision in a motor vehicle crash: |
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Definition
| abdominal organs shear from their points of attachment. |
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Term
| Penetrating abdominal trauma MOST commonly results from: |
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Definition
| low-velocity gunshot or stab wounds. |
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Term
| Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the extent of injury from a gunshot wound to the abdomen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of motor vehicle crash poses the LEAST threat for abdominal trauma if the patient is properly restrained? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fractures of the lower rib cage should make you MOST suspicious for injuries to the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Generalized abdominal pain following rupture of a hollow organ is MOST suggestive of: |
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Definition
| diffuse peritoneal contamination |
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Term
| When blood is released into the peritoneal cavity: |
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Definition
| nonspecific signs such as tachycardia and hypotension may occur. |
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Term
| Left shoulder pain following injury to the spleen |
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Definition
| usually does not occur until 1 to 2 hours after the injury |
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Term
| Because of its anatomic position in the retroperitoneum, it typically takes high-energy force to damage the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements regarding stomach injuries is correct? |
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Definition
| Rupture of the stomach following blunt trauma is usually associated with a recent meal or inappropriate seat belt use. |
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Term
| Gross hematuria and suprapubic pain following a pelvic injury is MOST indicative of injury to the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Grey Turner sign is defined as ecchymosis to the _________ and is indicative of _________ |
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Definition
| flank, retroperitoneal bleeding |
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Term
| Periumbilical ecchymosis is: |
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Definition
| referred to as Cullen sign and may take hours or days to develop following abdominal trauma. |
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Term
| Injuries to the vascular structures in the intraperitoneal space: |
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Definition
| are often caused by shearing forces secondary to blunt trauma |
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Term
| Which of the following assessment findings is MOST suggestive of intraabdominal hemorrhage? |
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Definition
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Term
| The LEAST helpful technique when assessing the patient with abdominal trauma is |
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Definition
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Term
| When assessing a patient with abdominal trauma for distention, you must recall that: |
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Definition
| a significant amount of blood volume in the abdominal cavity is required to produce distention. |
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Term
| Following blunt force trauma to the lower right rib cage, a 40-year-old man presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and unlabored tachypnea. You should be MOST concerned that he has a: |
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Definition
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Term
| A 17-year-old high school football player was struck in the abdomen by another player during a tackle. Your assessment reveals signs of shock and pain to the patient's left shoulder, which is unremarkable for trauma. Examination of the patient's abdomen is also unremarkable for obvious injury. Based on your assessment findings and the patient's clinical presentation, you should be MOST suspicious of: |
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Definition
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Term
| You are dispatched to the parking lot of a shopping mall for an injured person. While en route to the scene, it is MOST important for you to: |
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Definition
| request law enforcement assistance. |
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Term
| A 59-year-old construction worker collapsed on the job and fell into a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic, and has a 12-inch steel rod impaled in his epigastrium. As your partner and an emergency medical responder begin CPR, you should: |
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Definition
| control any external bleeding, stabilize the rod in place with bulky dressings, apply the cardiac monitor, and start at least one large-bore IV line en route to the hospital |
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Term
| You are caring for a patient who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is conscious, but restless. His respirations are rapid and shallow and his pulse is rapid and weak. What will maximize this patient's chances of survival? |
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Definition
| Basic airway and circulation support at the scene, prompt transport to a trauma center, and IV fluid boluses as needed en route |
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Term
| A 39-year-old man sustained an abdominal evisceration after he was cut in the abdomen with a machete. The patient is semiconscious and is breathing shallowly. You should: |
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Definition
| assist ventilations with a bag-mask device; cover the exposed bowel with moist, sterile dressings and protect them from injury; transport at once; and initiate IV therapy en route |
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Term
| What are the two layers that cover the testicles? |
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Definition
| Tunica albuginea and tunica vaginalis |
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Term
| You should suspect a ruptured kidney if a patient presents with flank pain, gross hematuria, and: |
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Definition
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Term
| Traumatic urinary bladder rupture is seen MOST frequently in patients who are |
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Definition
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Term
| Fournier gangrene is a potential complication associated with |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A 24-year-old male intentionally placed a commercially manufactured constricting object around the base of his penis. He complains of moderate pain, and assessment of his penis reveals that it is cyanotic. You should: |
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Definition
| transport him to the hospital and provide emotional support en route |
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Term
| A 36-year-old female was sexually assaulted and is experiencing intense pain. Your assessment reveals several open lacerations to her vaginal area and a painful distended abdomen. Her blood pressure is 86/50 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen, you should |
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Definition
| cover her open wounds with sterile dressings, establish at least one large-bore IV, and give a 20-mL/kg fluid bolus |
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Term
| The abdominal cavity is the |
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Definition
| Largest cavity in the body |
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Term
| Abdominal injuries may be |
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Definition
| life threatening; so patient assessment should be rapid so managment and transport to an appropriate facility can be started. |
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Term
| It is difficult to perfom a proper assessment on a patient who is |
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Definition
| intoxicated, has used illicit drugs, has injury to the brain or spinal cord, or has sustained injury to adjacent structures such as the pelvis or ribs. |
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Term
| The education of prehospital providers in |
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Definition
| recognizing the need for rapid transport has made a big reduction in the time from injury to definitive care. |
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Term
| The advances in hospital care such as |
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Definition
| improved diagnostic equipment, surgical techniques, and postoperative care have also improved patient outcomes. |
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Term
| You should consider trauma to the GU system whenever |
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Definition
| a patient has sustained injury to the lower rib cage, abdomen, pelvis or upper legs. |
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Term
| Your field account of the scene is |
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Definition
| critical in visualizing and searching for injuries that may not be obviously apparent on physical examination. |
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Term
| The oval shaped abdominal cavity extends from |
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Definition
| the dome shaped diaphragm, a large muscle seperating the thoracic cavity from the abdomen, to the pelvic brim. |
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Term
| The flanks and the backs are protected by |
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Definition
| thick abdominal wall muscles that protect that region from low-velocity penetrating trauma. |
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Term
| The quadrant system is used to |
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Definition
describe a location in the abdomen, or a source or pain found when you are conducting your assessment.
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Term
| The area around the umbilicus is referred to as |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The abdominal cavity is lined with |
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Definition
| a membrane called the peritoneum |
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Term
|
Definition
| membranous double fold of tissue in the abdomen that attaches various organs to the body wall. |
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Term
| The internal abdomen is structural divided into 3 regions |
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Definition
| the peritoneal space, the retroperitoneal space, and the pelvis. |
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Term
| The upper peritoneal space is the |
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Definition
| thoracoabdominal area, which has the diaphragm, liver, spleen, stomach, gallbladder, and transverse colon located in it. |
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Term
| The lower peritoneal cavity contains the |
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Definition
| small bowel, sigmoid colon, parts of the descending and ascending colon, and in woman the reproductive organ. |
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Term
| The retroperitoneal space is the |
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Definition
| area posterior to the peritoneal lining of the abdomen, and contains the abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and most of the duodenum and the posterior aspects of the descending and ascending colon. |
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Term
| The organs in the pelvis are |
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Definition
| the rectum, ureters, bladder, illiac vessels, pelvic vascular plexus, major vascular structures, pelvic skeletal structures, and reproductive organs. |
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Term
| The solid organs of the abdomen are |
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Definition
| the liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the stomach, gallbladder, urinary bladder, and small and large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| largest organ and lies in the upper right quadrant. |
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Term
|
Definition
| blood supply provided by the hepatic artery and the hepatic-portal vein. |
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Term
| a blood transfusion is often required |
|
Definition
| in patients with an injury to the liver. |
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Term
| The liver detoxifies the blood by |
|
Definition
| removing drugs and other poisonous substances such as ammonia, which it converts into urea, which is then excreted in the urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| processess hemoglobin before it is stored or used and regulates blood clotting. |
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Term
|
Definition
| bile, which is necessary to break down ingested fats, it produces cholesterol, and produces proteins that carry fats through the body to ultimately drain into the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| The spleens fucntions include |
|
Definition
| filtering and storing blood. |
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Term
|
Definition
| spleen until it is returned to the bone marrow for the production of hemoglobin. |
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