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| notions of certain situations which predetermine what we think the outcome which will occur in a particular setting |
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| the process by which people attribute humanlike mental states to various inanimate objects and other peole |
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| people are quicker to spot and slower to look away from angry faces in a crowd than faces with other emotions |
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a group of theories that describe how people explain tthe cause of behavior. Personal- attribute internal characteristic ( ability, personality, mood, effort)
Situational- attribute external factors such as the situation, other people, or luck |
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| Correspondence inference theory |
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Definition
| people try to infer from an action whether the act corresponds to an enduring personal trait. choice ( free choice says more) expectedness ( unusual actions say more) and effect consequences ( acts with just 1 desireable outcome) of the behavior all factor how we decide this |
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| Kelly's Covariation Theory |
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| a principle of attribution that holds that people attribute hebavior to factors that are present when a behavior occurs and are absent when it does not. The 3 types of covariation info are Consensus, Distinctiveness, and Consistency |
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| Daniel Kahneman ( how attribution works) |
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Definition
2 ways
1. quick easy and automatic using intuitive processes
2. Slow controlled and requiring effort and attention ( occurs when we encounter something unexpected) |
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| the tendency to estimate the likelihood that an event will occur by how easily instances of it come to mind |
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| the tendency for people to overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions, attributes, and behaviors |
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| people are insensitive to consensus information presented in the form of numerical base rates |
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| people intake info based on how they perceive the setting they are in. |
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| people adopt the illusion that the things they want/can obtain are closer to their grasp then they actually are |
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| people take more credit for success than failure, seek more information about their strengths than weakness, and overestimate their contributions |
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| the idea theat people get what they deserve in life, leads people to disparage victims ( Lerner 1980) |
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| the process of integrating information about a person to form a coherent impression |
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| Summation and Averaging model ( impression formation |
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Definition
summation- the more positive/negative traits are in a person, the better or worse they are perceived.
Averaging- the higher the average value of all the traits ( more positive than neutral and negative), the better the person is viewed |
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| The tendency to judge people based on how warm/cold we think they are personality wise or how warm/cold we feel physically ( Bargh 2008) |
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| Implicit personality theories |
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Definition
| a network of assumptions that people make about relationships among traits and behaviors |
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| traits that exert a powerful influence on overall impressions |
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| the desire to reduce cognitive uncertainty which heightens the importance of first impressions |
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| Counter factional Thinking |
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| the tendency to imagine alternative events or outcomes that might have occurred but didn't. the 3 biggest regrets are education, occupation,and romance. We think about the actions we do take than the ones we didn't |
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| Fundemental attribution error |
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Definition
| the tendency to focus on the role of personal causes and underestimate the impact of thesituation |
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Term
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Definition
| people intake info based on how they perceive the setting they are in. |
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Term
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Definition
| people adopt the illusion that the things they want/can obtain are closer to their grasp then they actually are |
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Definition
| people take more credit for success than failure, seek more information about their strengths than weakness, and overestimate their contributions |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of integrating information about a person to form a coherent impression |
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Term
| Summation and Averaging model ( impression formation |
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Definition
summation- the more positive/negative traits are in a person, the better or worse they are perceived.
Averaging- the higher the average value of all the traits ( more positive than neutral and negative), the better the person is viewed |
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Term
| infromation integration theory |
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Definition
| the theory that impressions are based on perceiver dispositions and a weighed average of a person's traits (Anderson 1981) |
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Definition
| recently used information comes to mind more easily and influences the interpretation of information |
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| extroversion, agreeableness,openness to experience, emotional stability, conscientiousness |
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| negative info weighs heavier on our impressions than positive ones |
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| Implicit personality theories |
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Definition
| a network of assumptions that people make about relationships among traits and behaviors |
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Definition
| traits that exert a powerful influence on overall impressions |
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| the tendency for info presented early in a sequence to impact impressions more than later info |
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| Change of meaning hypothesis |
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Definition
| once people form an impression of someone they interpret subsequent information based on their impressions. ( i.e a warm person who is calm is seen as gentle or peaceful, a cold one is seen as shrewd and calculating. |
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