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| Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their enviormnent |
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| Contains combined portions of the planet in which all life exists, including land, water, air/atmosphere |
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| A group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring |
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| Group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area |
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| Assemblages of populations that live in the same area |
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| Collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving enviornment |
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| A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities |
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| Plants and bacteria that can capture energy from sunlightor chemicals that use energy to produce food |
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| Things that make their own food |
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| A process in which autotrophs use energy to make food |
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| When organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates |
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| Organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply |
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| Organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply |
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| Obtain energy by eating only plants |
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| Organism that eats only animals |
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| Organisms that eat both plants and animals |
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| Feed on plants and animal remains and other dead matter, collectively called detritus |
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| Heterotrophs that break down organic matter |
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| A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
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| When the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem form a network of complex interactions |
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| Each step in a food chain or food web |
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| A diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web |
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| Total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level |
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| When elements, contain chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another |
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| The process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas |
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| Water entering the atmosphere by evaporating from the leaves of plants |
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| All the chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life |
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| Process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ammonia |
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| A process by which bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas |
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| Rate at which organic matter is created by producers |
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| When an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that cycles very slowly or is scarce |
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| When and aquatic ecosytem recieves a large input of a limiting nutrient, the result is often an immediate increase in the amount of algae and other products |
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