Term
| Weathering weakens rock so it.... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the movement caused by gravity and frequently helped along by water and/or over-steepened slopes. |
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Term
| What are forms of mass wasting? |
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Definition
| slumps, slides and flows (Debris and Earth) |
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Term
| ____also moves weathered rocks and streams erode valleys. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The quantity of water in a stream that passes a given point in a period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| The level below which a stream cannot erode. |
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Term
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Definition
| As a stream enters the relatively still waters of an ocean or lake, its velocity drops abruptly, and the resulting deposits from a delta. |
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Term
| What are the different types of drainage patterns? |
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Definition
| dentritic, radial, rectangular, and trellis |
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Term
| What does a dentritc drainage pattern look like and where does it develop? |
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Definition
| Treelike, and develops on highly uniform bedrock |
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Term
| What does a radial drainage pattern look like and where does it develop? |
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Definition
| hub of a wheel and develops on isolated volcanic cones or domes |
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Term
| What does a rectangular drainage pattern look like and where does it develop? |
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Definition
| have many right-angle bends and develop on highly jointed bedrock |
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Term
| What does a trellis drainage pattern look like and where does it develop? |
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Definition
| rectangular pattern in which tributary streams are nearly parallel to one another and develops in areas of alternating weak and resistant bedrock. |
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Term
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Definition
| Floods can be caused by weather (melting snow and major storms with heavy rain) or failure of a dame\ or artificial levee |
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Term
| How do we control flood damage structurally? |
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Definition
| Artificial levees, flood-control dams, and channelization |
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Term
| How do we control flood damage nonstructural? |
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Definition
| Identify high risk areas, minimize development and promote more appropriate land use |
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Term
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Definition
| The volume of open spaces in rock or soil. |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of a material's ability to transmit water. |
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Term
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Definition
| The upper level of the saturated zone of groundwater. |
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Term
| What is zone of saturation? |
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Definition
| Zone where all open spaces in sediment and rock are completely filled with water. |
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Term
| What is unsaturated zone? |
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Definition
| The area above the water table where openings in soil, sediment, and rock are not saturated with water but filled mainly with air. |
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Term
| What is an artesian aquifer? |
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Definition
| applied to any situation in which groundwater rises in a well above the level where it was initially encountered. |
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Term
| Karst topography is marked by ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Do we have karst topography in Florida? |
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Definition
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Term
| What forces control mass wasting? |
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Definition
gravity, water and triggers
saturation of material with water
oversteepening of slopes
removal/ anchoring vegetation
ground vibrations from earth quakes |
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Term
| What is the role of water in mass wasting? |
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Definition
| saturates pore space and destroys the cohesion between particles |
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Term
| How do gradient and discharge change from the head of a stream downstream to the mouth of a stream? |
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Definition
gradient- decreases
discharge- increases |
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Term
| How does a stream transport material? |
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Definition
Three ways:
-Dissolved Load (in solution)
-Suspended Load (in suspension)
-Bed Load (sliding/rolling along bottom) |
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Term
| When is transported material or alluvium deposited? |
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Definition
| when the streams velocity decreases or the stream slows down. |
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Term
| What are the features of the flood plain of a meandering stream? |
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Definition
| lateral erosion caused by shifting of streams meanders produces and increasingly broader, flat valley floor covered with alluvium |
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Term
| What is a confined aquifer? |
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Definition
| an aquifer that has impermeable layers (aquitards) both below and above |
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Term
| How can ground water become contaminated?Why is it sometimes difficult to detect groundwater contamination? |
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Definition
-sewage emanating from spetic tanks
-inadequate/ broken sewer systems
-highway salt
-fertilizers
-pesticides
-chemical/industrial materials from leaks
b. b/c water moves slow, polluted water may go undetected for a long time |
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Term
| What is karst topography? |
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Definition
| a topography consisting of numerous depressions called sinkholes. |
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Term
| How do karst topography form? |
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Definition
1 of 2 ways:
1. limestone immediately below the soil is dissolved by downward seeping rain water that is freshly charged with carbon dioxide.
-usually not deep and characterized by relatively gentle slopes
2. roof of a cavern collapses under its own weight
-steep sided and deep |
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Term
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Definition
| mass of ice that moves under its own weight and influence of gravity. |
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Term
| What are the two types of glaciers? |
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Definition
| Alpine glacier and ice sheets |
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Term
| What is an Alpine glacier? |
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Definition
| a glacier confined to a mountain valley, which in most instances had previously been a stream valley. |
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Term
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Definition
| a very large, thick mass of glacial ice flowing outward in all directions from one or more accumulation centers. |
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Term
| What are the parts of a glacier? |
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Definition
Zone of accumulation
Zone of wastage
snowline
crevasses |
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Term
| What is the zone of accumulation? |
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Definition
| more snow falls each winter than melts each summer |
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Term
| What is the zone of wastage? |
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Definition
| all the snow from the previous winter melts along with some glacial ice |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an amphitheater-shaped basin at the head of a glaciated valley produced by frost wedging and plucking. |
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Term
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Definition
| a narrow knifelike ridge separating two adjacent glaciated valley. |
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Term
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Definition
| a pyramid-like peak formed by glacial action in three or more cirques surrounding a mountain summit |
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Term
| What are erosional glacial features? |
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Definition
| arete, tarn, horn,cirques, glacial trough, and pater noster lakes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a streamlined asymmetrical hill composed of glacial till. The steep side of the hill faced the direction from which the ice advanced. |
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Term
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Definition
| a steep-sided hill composed of sand and gravel originating when sediment collected in openings in stagnant glacial ice |
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Term
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Definition
| sinous ridge composed largelu of sand and gravel deposited nu a stream flowing in a tunnel beneath a glacier near its terminus. |
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Term
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Definition
| a relatively flat gentle sloping plain consisting of materials deposited by melt water streams in front of the margin of an ice sheet. |
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Term
| What are depositional glacial features? |
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Definition
| moraine, drumlin, kame, esker, and outwash plains |
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Term
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Definition
| One of two types of dry climate; the driest of the dry climate |
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Term
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Definition
| wind picks up, transports and deposits great quantities of fine sediment |
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Term
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Definition
is the lifting ans removal of loose material
forms:
-blowouts
-desert pavements |
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Term
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Definition
| deposits of thick wind blown silt, lacking visible layers, generally buff-colored, and capable of maintaining a near vertical cliff |
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Term
| Most of the Midwest farmland is |
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Definition
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Term
| In the US the ----- is windblown glacial material |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the melting of last ice sheet change North America? |
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Definition
| It created the Great Lakes |
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Term
| What role does water play in erosional agent in arid climate? |
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Definition
ephemeral streams (hold water only during periods of rainfall)
Flash floods are common because runoff has no where to go
Most of the erosional work is done by water in arid climates |
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Term
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Definition
| a hill or ridge of wind-deposited sand. |
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Term
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Definition
| sand grains come to rest in the wind shadows (slow moving air behind obstacle and quieter air just in front of an obstacle) accumulation continues and forms increasingly efficient wind barrier to trap sand with sufficient supply of sand and wind blows steadily long enough the mound of sand grows into a dune. |
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Term
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Definition
| The rigid outer layer of Earth, including the crust and upper mantle. |
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Term
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Definition
| A subdivision of the mantle situated below the lithosphere. This zone of weak material exists below a depth of about 100 kilometers and in some regions extends as deep as 700 kilometers. The rock within this zone is easily deformed. |
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Term
| What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics? |
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Definition
| The theory that proposes that Earth's outer shell consists of individual plates that interact in various ways and thereby produce earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains, and the crust itself. |
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Term
| Lithoshperic plates move over _____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| occurs where two opposing tectonic forces act to pull the lithosphere apart. |
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Term
| How do continental rifts form? |
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Definition
-mantle up-welling associated with broad up-warping of the overlying lithosphere
-As a result, lithosphere is stretched causing the brittle crustal rocks to break into large slabs.
-As the tectonic forces continue to pull the crust apart these crustal fragments sink, generating an elongated depression(continental rift). |
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Term
| What are divergent plate boundaries? |
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Definition
| it occurs where two plates move apart, resulting in up-welling of hot material from the mantle to create new seafloor. |
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Term
| Features of an oceanic-continental convergence |
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Definition
| continental volcanic arc- resulting volcanic mountain chain |
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Term
| Features of an oceanic- oceanic convergence |
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Definition
| volcanic island arc- volcanoes on the ocean floor that emerge as islands |
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Term
| Features of an continental-continental convergence |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the different types of convergent boundaries? |
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Definition
Oceanic- continental convergence
Oceanic-oceanic convergence
Continental- Continental convergence |
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Term
| ____ allow the Earth's crust to move laterally |
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Definition
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Term
| _____records reversals in the polarity of the Earth's magnetic field and shows the motion of both the continents and the ocean floor |
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Definition
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Term
| ____are volcanoes not associated with edges of tectonic plates and record plate motion |
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Definition
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Term
| _____explains the distribution of most volcanoes and zones of earthquakes |
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Definition
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