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Chapter 3
N/A
65
Biology
9th Grade
09/08/2008

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Term
The oxygen side is weakly ___ of water
Definition
negative
Term
The hydrogen regions are weakly ___
Definition
positive
Term
The attraction of water to attach to other water molecules due to the polar nature of water are caused by ___
Definition
hydrogen bonds
Term
Attractive forces between particles of the same kind
Definition
Cohesion
Term
Adhesion and cohesion enable water molecules to move upward in a narrow tube against the pull of gravity
Definition
Capillary action
Term
Water takes a ___ deal of energy to change its temperature
Definition
great
Term
The chemistry of life
Definition
Organic chemistry
Term
Compounds containing carbon bonded to other carbon and to other elements
Definition
Organic chemistry
Term
In ___ ____, carbon typically covalently bonds to nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen
Definition
organic compounds
Term
oxygen is ___
Definition
nonmetallic
Term
Oxygen's most important compound is ___
Definition
water
Term
Oxygen is the ___ plentiful element in the earth's crust about ___% (put both)
Definition
most | 46.6
Term
Oxygen is about ___ % of the earth's atmosphere (by volume) and about ___ % by weight of sea water
Definition
21
Term
____ comprises ____ % by volume of the atmosphere
Definition
Nitrogen | 78.09
Term
___ is slightly soluble in water
Definition
nitrogen
Term
___ is the most abundant element in the universe
Definition
hydrogen
Term
hydrogen makes up more than ___% of all matter
Definition
90
Term
On earth, hydrogen is the ____ most abundant element in the earth's surface, found in water and all organic matter
Definition
third
Term
Atoms that are the structual building blocks that determine the characteristics of the molecule they compose
Definition
functional groups
Term
Example Hydroxyl
Definition
alcohols
Term
Examples of Carbonyl
Definition
aldehydes, ketones
Term
Examples of Carboxyl
Definition
Carboxlic acids
Term
Example of hydroxyl
Definition
ethanol, methnol, glycerol
Term
Macromolecules
Definition
large polymers
Term
Polymers
Definition
monomers
Term
Made up of many small, repeating molecular units known as monomers
Definition
polymers
Term
Polymer + monomer = __ and a ___ reaction
Definition
bigger polymer condensation
Term
Polymer - monomer = __ and __
Definition
smaller polymer hydrolysis
Term
reaction that gives more energy then it takes
Definition
exergonic
Term
hydrolysis
Definition
break apart with water added
Term
___ is used by our muscles
Definition
ATP
Term
Carbohydrates are composed of ____, ____, and ___
Definition
carbon hydrogen oxygen
Term
The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in Carbohydrates is ___
Definition
2:1
Term
A simple surgar
Definition
Monosaccharide
Term
MONOSACCHARIDES that are : energy source for most cells
Definition
Glucose
Term
MONOSACCHARIDES that are : found in milk
Definition
Galactose
Term
MONOSACCHARIDES that are : found in fruits (the sweetest of all of the monosaccharides)
Definition
Fructose
Term
Same chemical formula but different structure
Definition
Isomer
Term
The formula for an Isomer is ___
Definition
C6 H12 O6
Term
Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide =
Definition
Disaccharide
Term
A reaction that releases a water molecule
Definition
Condensation Reaction
Term
A Complex molecule with three or more monosaccharides joined together
Definition
Polysaccharide
Term
animals store glucose in this molecule
Definition
Glycogen
Term
plants store glucose in this molecule
Definition
Starch
Term
structural component of plants- many glucose monomers
Definition
Cellulose
Term
Proteins are composed of: ___, ___, ___, and ___
Definition
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Term
Monomer Building Blocks Of Proteins
Definition
Ammino Acids
Term
There are ___ different ammino acids
Definition
20
Term
Two amino acids joined by a peptide bond
Definition
Dipeptide
Term
Proteins that act as chemical catalysts
Definition
Enzyme
Term
_____ reactions depend on a physical fit between the enzyme molecule and its substrate
Definition
enzyme
Term
A chemical that lowers the activation energy needed for a reaction to take place
Definition
Catalyst
Term
A organic molecule that is : Non-Polar and Does not dissolve in water
Definition
Lipid
Term
Unbranched carbon chain with -COOH group attached to one end
Definition
Fatty Acids
Term
In a Lipid one end of the fatty acid molecule is _____, while another side of the molcule is ____
Definition
hydrophilic | hyrdophobic
Term
Contains 3 fatty acids + Glycerol
Definition
Triglyceride
Term
The two types of a Triglyceride are ___ and ____
Definition
saturated | unsaterated
Term
___ are important to the cell membrane
Definition
Phospholipid
Term
Is a structural lipid, waterproof, Protective coating on Plant outer surface
Definition
Wax
Term
Cholesterol, Testosterone and Many animal hormones are a part of this
Definition
Steroid
Term
This is Large, Complex, and Stores information for Heredity and for Making proteins
Definition
Nucleic Acid
Term
Like most proteins, nucleic acids are composed of thousands of linked monomers called _______
Definition
nucleotides
Term
A nucleotide has a ___, a ____ and a ___
Definition
base | ribose | surgar | triphosphate
Term
___ is in DNA
Definition
Deoxyribose
Term
____ is in RNA
Definition
Ribose Surgar
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