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| A term describing any plant organ that grows in an atypical location, such as roots growing from stems. |
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| A flowering plant that completes its entire life cycle in a single year or growing season. |
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| concentration of growth at the tip of a plant shoot |
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| A structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot, or branch. The bud appears in the angle formed between a leaf and a stem. |
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| A flowering plant that requires two years to complete its life cycle. |
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| A type of plant cell that is connected to a sieve-tube member by many plasmodesmata and whose nucleus and ribosomes may serve one or more adjacent sieve-tube members. |
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| A cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that replaces the epidermis with thicker, tougher cork cells. |
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| Ground tissue that is between the vascular tissue and dermal tissue in a root or dicot stem. |
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| (1) A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants. |
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| The outer protective covering of plants. |
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| The innermost layer of the cortex in plant roots; a cylinder one cell thick that forms the boundary between the cortex and the vascular cylinder. |
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| The dermal tissue system of nonwoody plants, usually consisting of a single layer of tightly packed cells. |
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| A lignified cell type that reinforces the xylem of angiosperms and functions in mechanical support; a slender, tapered sclerenchyma cell that usually occurs in bundles. |
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| A root system common to monocots consisting of a mat of thin roots spreading out below the soil surface. |
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| The two cells that flank the stomatal pore and regulate the opening and closing of the pore. |
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| A segment of a plant stem between the points where leaves are attached. |
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| Plant tissue that remains embryonic as long as the plant lives, allowing for indeterminate growth. |
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| The ground tissue of a leaf, sandwiched between the upper and lower epidermis and specialized for photosynthesis. |
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| The development of body shape and organization. |
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| A point along the stem of a plant at which leaves are attached. |
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| A flowering plant that lives for many years. |
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| The outermost layer of the vascular cylinder of a root, where lateral roots originate. |
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| The protective coat that replaces the epidermis in plants during secondary growth, formed of the cork and cork cambium. |
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| The stalk of a leaf, which joins the leaf to a node of the stem. |
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| Ground tissue that is internal to the vascular tissue in a stem; in many monocot roots, parenchyma cells that form the central core of the vascular cylinder. |
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| Growth produced by apical meristems, which lengthen stems and roots. |
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| a primary meristem of roots and shoots that forms the vascular tissue. |
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| the outermost primary meristem, gives rise to the epidermis of roots and shoots |
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| The contents of a plant cell exclusive of the cell wall. |
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| A cone of cells at the tip of a plant root that protects the apical meristem. |
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| A tiny extension of a root epidermal cell, growing just behind the root tip and increasing surface area for absorption of water and minerals. |
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| All of a plant’s roots that anchor it in the soil, absorb and transport minerals and water, and store food. |
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| A short, irregular sclerenchyma cell in nutshells and seed coats and scattered through the parenchyma of some plants. |
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| Growth produced by lateral meristems, which thickens the roots and shoots of woody plants. |
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| The aerial portion of a plant body, consisting of stems, leaves, and (in angiosperms) flowers. |
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| An end wall in a sieve-tube member, which facilitates the flow of phloem sap in angiosperm sieve tubes. |
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| The vascular tissue of a stem or root. |
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| A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant. |
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| A root system common to eudicots consisting of one large, vertical root (the taproot) that produces many smaller lateral, or branch, roots. |
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| Embryonic tissue at the tip of a shoot, made up of developing leaves and a compact series of nodes and internodes. |
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| A long, tapered water-conducting cell that is dead at maturity and is found in the xylem of all vascular plants. |
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| the evaporative loss of water from a plant |
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| A strand of vascular tissues (both xylem and phloem) in a stem or leaf. |
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| A cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that adds layers of secondary vascular tissue called secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem. |
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