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| the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element, consisting of a nucleus containing combinations of neutrons and protons and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus by electrical attraction. |
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| a component or constituent of a whole or one of the parts into which a whole may be resolved by analysis |
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| an electron of an atom, located in the outermost shell (valence shell)of the atom, that can be transferred to or shared with another atom. |
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| composed of two or more parts, elements, or ingredients. |
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| the smallest physical unit of an element or compound, consisting of one or more like atoms in an element and two or more different atoms in a compound |
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| one of the electrically charged particles formed in a gas by electric discharge or the like. |
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| the molecular force between particles within a body or substance that acts to unite them |
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| the molecular force of attraction in the area of contact between unlike bodies that acts to hold them together |
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| the process by which a gas, liquid, or solid is dispersed homogeneously in a gas, liquid, or solid without a chemical change. |
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| a substance with a sour taste |
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| A technical way of finding acids, used in pools. |
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| A symbol for the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen ion concentration in gram atoms per liter, used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale of 0 to 14, where less than 7 represents acidity, 7 neutrality, and more than 7 alkalinity. |
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| A soft, thick, light-yellow leather with a napped surface, originally made from buffalo skin but later also from other skins, used for making belts, pouches, etc |
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| Change to such substances on simple chemical transformations, as hydrolysis, oxidation, or reduction, and that form the supporting tissues of plants and are important food for animals and people |
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| any of a group of organic compounds that are greasy to the touch, insoluble in water, and soluble in alcohol and ether: lipids comprise the fats and other esters with analogous properties and constitute, with proteins and carbohydrates, the chief structural components of living cells. |
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| the plant or animal tissue rich in such molecules, considered as a food source supplying essential amino acids to the body |
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| any of a class of organic compounds that contains at least one amino group, –NH 2 , and one carboxyl group, –COOH: the alpha-amino acids, RCH(NH 2 )COOH, are the building blocks from which proteins are constructed. |
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| any of a group of long, linear macromolecules, either DNA or various types of RNA, that carry genetic information directing all cellular functions: composed of linked nucleotides. |
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| any of a group of molecules that, when linked together, form the building blocks of DNA or RNA: composed of a phosphate group, the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, and a pentose sugar, in RNA the thymine base being replaced by uracil. |
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| the set of nongenetic traits, qualities, or features that characterize a person or thing |
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| any of a class of single-stranded molecules transcribed from DNA in the cell nucleus or in the mitochondrion or chloroplast, containing along the strand a linear sequence of nucleotide bases that is complementary to the DNA strand from which it is transcribed |
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| adenosine triphosphate: an ester of adenosine and triphosphoric acid, C 10 H 12 N 5 O 4 H 4 P 3 O 9 , formed especially aerobically by the reaction of ADP and an orthophosphate during oxidation, or by the interaction of ADP and phosphocreatine or certain other substrates, and serving as a source of energy for physiological reactions, especially muscle contraction |
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| the capacity for vigorous activity; available power |
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| any substance that undergoes a chemical change in a given reaction |
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| a substance obtained from another substance through chemical change |
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| the least amount of energy required to activate atoms or molecules to a state in which they can undergo a chemical reaction |
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| any of various proteins, as pepsin, originating from living cells and capable of producing certain chemical changes in organic substances by catalytic action, as in digestion. |
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| the part of an enzyme that interacts with the substrate during catalysis. |
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| the substance acted upon by an enzyme |
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