Term
| What are the three basic organs found in plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| What functions do roots serve in plants? |
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Definition
| anchor the plant, absorb minerals and water, storing organic nutrients |
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Term
| What function do root hairs serve in plants? |
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Definition
| absorbing water & minerals, increase surface area |
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Term
| Describe the modified root system (structure & function) of prop roots |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the modified root system (structure & function)of storage roots |
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Definition
| thickened by storing organic chemicals (Carbs, protein) |
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Term
| Describe the modified root system (structure & function)of aerial roots |
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Definition
| live on top of ground and absorb minerals from atmosphere; or climbing |
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Term
| Describe the modified root system(structure & function) of pneumatophores |
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Definition
| gas exchange in plants that live underwater |
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Term
| What functions do stems serve in plants? |
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Definition
| Raise the leaves to maximize photosynthesis, transport water & nuits |
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Term
| Describe the modified stems (basic structure and function) and give an example of rhizomes |
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Definition
| hortizontal underground stems, asexual reproduction & storage of nuits; ex Ginger 'Root' |
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Term
| Describe the modified stems (basic structure and function) and give an example of stolons |
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Definition
| above ground horizontal stem; asexual reproduction, like the plant Dallas gave me |
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Term
| Describe the modified stems (basic structure and function) and give an example of tubers |
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Definition
| swollen shoot tip of a rhizome, storage & asexual reproduction; example - white potatoes |
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Term
| Describe the modified stems (basic structure and function) and give an example of corms |
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Definition
| flattened stem for storage and asexual reproduction, banana |
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Term
| Describe the modified stems (basic structure and function) and give an example of thorns |
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Definition
| outgrowths from stems for protection from herbivores |
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Term
| Describe the modified stems (basic structure and function) and give an example of tendrils |
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Definition
| can be leaves or stems, for climbing. Ex- grape |
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Term
| Functions of leaves in plants |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the modified leaves found in plants (basic structure and function) and give an example of bulbs |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the modified leaves found in plants (basic structure and function) and give an example of tendrils |
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Definition
| for climbing, vining plants |
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Term
| Describe the modified leaves found in plants (basic structure and function) and give an example of spines |
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Definition
| protection from herbivores, ex- cactus |
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Term
| storage leaves (structure, function, example) |
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Definition
| fleshy leaves for water storage, ex- aloe, |
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Term
| Structure and function of reproductive modified leaves |
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Definition
| small plantlets than can be knocked off and grow into a new plant, asexual reproduction |
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Term
| Structure and function of carnivorous modified leaves, give example |
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Definition
| fly traps. Grow in swampy areas, nitrogen not available so they catch insects and sometimes small animals |
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Term
| describe the modified leaves structure & function, give an example: bracts |
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Definition
| modified leaves that are colorful for attracting pollinators, ex- red poinsetta leaves |
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Term
| What is the function in plants of dermal tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function in plants of vascular tissue |
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Definition
| moves water & nuits through the plant; made of xylem and phloem |
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Term
| What is the function in plants of ground tissue |
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Definition
| everything else (not dermal and vascular), structural, storage, metabolism |
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Term
| Functions trichomes in plants |
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Definition
| deter herbivores, reduces pathogen infection, reduces water loss, protects frome xcess UV radiation |
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Term
| What is transported by xylem, what type of tissue is it, and in what direction does it move within a plant? |
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Definition
| vascular tissue; conducts water & nuits upward |
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Term
| What is transported by phloem, what type of tissue is it, and in what direction is it transported within a plant? |
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Definition
| vascular tissue; conducts sugars and organic molecules from a source to a "sink" |
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Term
| What do we mean by “sources” and “sinks” in terms of sugar movement within a plant? |
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Definition
| source - where organic molecules are made or stoed; sink - where organic molecules are needed for energy |
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Term
| Describe determinate and indeterminate patterns of growth, as applied to plants |
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Definition
| indeterminate growth: growth throughout the plant's life (growth of overall plant); determinate growth: growth stops after reaching a certain size and maturity (individual plant part like a single leaf or root) |
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Term
| What function does the root cap serve in plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the endodermis in roots? |
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Definition
| innermost layer of cortex (ground tissue), selectively controls what moves into the xylem |
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Term
| What is the function of the pericycle in roots? |
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Definition
| outermost layer of vascular tissue, gives rise to lateral roots |
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Term
| What is the function of the vascular cambium in plants? |
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Definition
| produces xylem inward and phloem outward |
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Term
| What does secondary xylem become in a mature plant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes the “rings” we see in woody stems? |
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Definition
| where early wood (large cells) and late wood (small cells)meet; vascular tissue as an outer bounday |
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Term
| What information can be obtained by analyzing tree rings? |
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Definition
| length and conditions of growth season, forest fires, age |
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Term
| Why is it NOT a good idea to girdle a tree (i.e., remove a strip of bark all the way around the tree)? |
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Definition
| will remove phloem and kill the tree |
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Term
| Explain how the type of plant obtain nutrients – either in addition to or instead of photosynthesis; epiphytes |
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Definition
| get water and nuits from rain & environment, grow on host plant but do not affect it |
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Term
| Explain how the type of plant obtain nutrients – either in addition to or instead of photosynthesis; parasitic plants |
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Definition
| absorbs sugars and minerals from living host plants |
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Term
| Explain how the type of plant obtain nutrients – either in addition to or instead of photosynthesis; carnivorous plants |
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Definition
| photosynthetic obtains nitrogen by killing and digesting prey |
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Term
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Definition
| several types of tissues that together carry out specific functions |
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Term
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Definition
| group of cells with a common structure/function; 3 types in plants- dermal, vascular, ground |
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Term
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Definition
| one main vertical root that gives rise to the lateral roots VV; adapted to heavy, clay soils and a low water table; either have this or fibrous |
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Term
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Definition
| roots coming off of the taproot |
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Term
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Definition
| many lateral roots with no main root; adapted to sandy or loamy soil and a high water tabe |
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Term
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Definition
| arise from stems or leaves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Apical bud (terminal bud) |
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Definition
| tip of the stem(shoot) allows for ellongation |
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Term
| Axillary bud (lateral bud) |
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Definition
| grows off of stem near nodes, has potential to form a lateral shoot (branch) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| attachment piece for leave to stem |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| vascular bundle of xylem and phloem |
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Term
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Definition
| each of the three types forms a system that is connected through the plant |
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Term
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Definition
| in dermal tissues, a single layer of tightly packed cells that covers the outer body |
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Term
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Definition
| waxy coating on surface of the epidermis, reduces water loss |
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Term
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Definition
| cork filled outer covering that replaces epidermis in woody plants |
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Term
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Definition
| hair-like outgrowth of epidermal cells |
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Term
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Definition
| analagous to embryonic tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| at the tips of roots & shoots, at the axillary buds of shoots; elongate shoots and roots called PRIMARY GROWTH |
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Term
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Definition
| add thickness to woody plants = SECONDARY GROWTH, two types are vascular and cork cambium |
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Term
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Definition
| adds layers of vascular tissues, internal cylinder, secondary growth, xylem to inside and phloem to outside |
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Term
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Definition
| produces cork cells with waxy substance for structure, support, and protection |
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Term
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Definition
| elongation of shoots and roots; produces all tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| leaf ground tissue, middle of the leaf |
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Term
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Definition
| toward upper epidermis (surface), packed with chloroplasts, where most of photosynthesis occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| toward lower epidermis, has a lot of air spaces for helping with gas exchange around stomata |
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Term
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Definition
| adding thickness to stems and roots, adds secondary xylem to inside and secondary phloem to outside |
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Term
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Definition
| secondary xylem becomes wood, early wood produced in early spring, large cells growing inward |
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Term
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Definition
| secondary xylem becomes wood, late wood produced in late summer/fall, smaller cells growing inward |
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Term
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Definition
| analysis of tree ring growth patterns |
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Term
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Definition
| oldest, inner layers of secondary xylem, non functional |
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Term
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Definition
| outer, functional layers of secondary xylem |
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Term
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Definition
| all the tissues externa to vascular cambium, includes secondary phloem and periderm (cork and cork cambium) |
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Term
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Definition
| pores in the periderm for gas exchange, always open |
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Term
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Definition
| negative pressure of pull, pulls water upwards due to evaporation by adhesion (sticking to side walls) and cohesion (sticking to each other) |
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Term
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Definition
| products of photosynthesis are transported through the phloem, like squeezing |
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Term
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Definition
| ground tissue that is internal to vascular tissue bundles |
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Term
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Definition
| ground tissue that is external to vascular tissue bundles |
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Term
| primary xylem & phloem correspond with which type of growth? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| produces cork cells filled with waxy substance for structure, support, and protection |
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Term
| Secondary phloem becomes what? |
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Definition
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Term
Structure of root cap, apical meristem, root hair, epidermis, cortex
(Image) |
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Definition
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Term
Structure of Tissues in Plants
(cross-section image) |
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Definition
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Term
Primary Root Growth
(Image) |
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Definition
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Term
Leaf Tissue Structure
(Image) |
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Definition
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