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Chapter 3:
Atoms: The building Blocks of Matter
13
Chemistry
10th Grade
08/23/2012

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Term
law of conservation of mass
Definition
mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical and physical reactions
Term
law of definite proportions
Definition
a chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or the source of the compound
Term
law of multiple proportions
Definition
if two or more different compounds are composed of teh same two elements, then the ratio of the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element  is always a ratio of small whole numbers
Term
atom
Definition
the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
Term
atomic mass
Definition
 a unit of mass that is exactly 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Term
avogadro's number
Definition
6.022 x 1023, the number of particles in exactly one mole of a pure substance
Term
mass number
Definition
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an isotope
Term
mole
Definition
the amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12
Term
atomic number
Definition
the number of protons in the nucleus of each atome of an element
Term
isotope
Definition
atoms of the same element that have different masses
Term
molar mass
Definition
the mass of one mole of a substance
Term
nuclide
Definition
the general term for any isotope of any element; another term for an atom that is identified by the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus
Term
average atomic mass
Definition
the weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element
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