Term
| Alanine, Valine, Isoleucine, Leucine, and Glycine |
|
Definition
| What five amino acids are found in the nonpolar group? |
|
|
Term
| Serine, Theronine, Asparagine, Glutamine |
|
Definition
| What four amino acids are found in the polar uncharged group? |
|
|
Term
| glutamic acid, aspartic acid, histidine, lysine and arginine |
|
Definition
| What five amino acids are found in the charged group? |
|
|
Term
| phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine |
|
Definition
| What three amino acids are found in the aromatic group? |
|
|
Term
| proline, methionine, cysteine |
|
Definition
| what four amino acids are found in the special function group? |
|
|
Term
| it obtains carbon molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleicacid |
|
Definition
| What are the four major macromolecules? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the four macromolecules is NOT a polymer? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| proteins- amino acids, carbs- monosaccharids, lipids-fatty acids/ glycerol |
|
Definition
| What are the monomeric subunits for each macromolecule? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What happens in anabolic reaction? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What happens in a catabolic reaction? |
|
|
Term
| It breaks the covalent bond and is splitting with water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anabolic and catabolic reactions |
|
Definition
| What is metabolism the combination of? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All enzymes are made up of what? |
|
|
Term
| Storage, defense, catalysis, transport, support, motion and regulation. |
|
Definition
| What are the seven main functions of a protein? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is an example of something that proteins defend themselves from? |
|
|
Term
| Hemoglobins latch onto oxygen |
|
Definition
| What is a way that proteins transport? |
|
|
Term
| They are used as structural purposes, such as keratin found in hair. |
|
Definition
| What is a way that proteins support? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is a way proteins use motion? |
|
|
Term
| Insulin and as intercellular messenger |
|
Definition
| How do proteins "regulate?" |
|
|
Term
| an "R" group, hydrogen, carboxyl, and an amino |
|
Definition
| What four groups do amino acids consist of? |
|
|
Term
| special function, polar uncharged, nonpolar, aromatic, and charged |
|
Definition
| what are the five groups of amino acids? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What do two amino acids form? |
|
|
Term
| many amino acids linked together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A peptide bond (amide bond) is a covalent chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary, secondary, tetriary, and quatanary |
|
Definition
| What are the four levels of protein structure? |
|
|
Term
| This determines the order and type of amino acid, and consists of a polypeptide chain |
|
Definition
| What happens in the "primary structure" of a protein? |
|
|
Term
| partial folding, loops- alpha helix, zig-zag- beta pleat, held together by hydrogen bonds |
|
Definition
| What happens in the "secondary structure" of a protein? |
|
|
Term
| holding of entire protein (3d folding), must be folded properly to work, contains: hydrogenm ionic, hydrophobic, and VW bonds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| arrangment of two or more polypeptide chains |
|
Definition
| What happens in the "quatanary structure" of a protein? |
|
|
Term
| help proteins fold into shape |
|
Definition
| what is a molecular chaperone? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| folding spontaneously of small polypeptides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nitrogenous base, deoxyribose, and phosphate |
|
Definition
| What three things are nucleotides made up of? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are the two classes of nitrogenous bases? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cytosine, thymine and uracil |
|
Definition
| What are the pyrimidines? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What happens in a phosphodiester bond? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nitrogenous bases are held together by what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is thymine only found in? |
|
|
Term
| DNA (transcription), RNA, (translation), Protein |
|
Definition
| What is flow of the central dogma? |
|
|
Term
| The copying of some kinds of DNA information into RNA |
|
Definition
| What happens in transcription? |
|
|
Term
| Genes are transcribed into mRNAs which are then translated into polypeptides (or proteins). |
|
Definition
| What happens in translation? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is adenine attached with three phosphates called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the simplest form of carbs? |
|
|
Term
| carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
|
Definition
| What are carbs made up of? |
|
|
Term
| glucose, fructose, and galcatose |
|
Definition
| What are the three 6-carbon sugars? |
|
|
Term
| the way their atoms are arranged |
|
Definition
| What makes the 6-carbon sugars different? |
|
|
Term
| Molecules with the same emperical formula, but different arrangment of atoms. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What holds together disaccharides? |
|
|
Term
| they store energy and are used as a structural role |
|
Definition
| What do polysaccharides do? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Long chains of gluclose can do what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is a long, unbranched chain called? and what kind of linkage does it have? |
|
|
Term
| amylopectin and alpha 1-6 |
|
Definition
| What is a branched chain called and what kind of linkage does it have? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where is glycogen stored? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what kind of linkage is celloulouse? |
|
|
Term
| Tney are insoluble in water and cannot form hydrogen bonds |
|
Definition
| Give two characteristics of lipids. |
|
|
Term
| 1 glycerol and hydroxyl group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How many carbons are in a fatty acid chain? |
|
|
Term
| one hydrocarbon group with a carboxyl group. |
|
Definition
| what do fatty acids contain? |
|
|
Term
| surronded by H's completely and a straight line |
|
Definition
| What should a saturated chain look like? |
|
|
Term
| bend in chain, double bonded |
|
Definition
| What does an unsaturated fat chain look like? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What organisms store saturated fat? unsaturated? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What do phospholipids make up? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are structural isomers? |
|
|
Term
| they depend on how the group attaches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a carbon bound to four different groups and has a mirror image? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a mirror image of a chiral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Starch grains, starch, monosaccharides |
|
Definition
| What is a cell structure, polymer, and monomer of a carb? |
|
|
Term
| chromosome, DNA strand, nucleotide |
|
Definition
| What is a cell structure, polymer, and monomer of a nucleic acid? |
|
|
Term
| intermediate filament, polypeptide, and an amino acid |
|
Definition
| What is a cell structure, polymer, and monomer of a protein? |
|
|
Term
| adipose cells, triglyceride, and a fatty acid |
|
Definition
| What is a cell structure, polymer, and monomer of a lipid? |
|
|
Term
| there is a removal of OH from one monomer and H from another |
|
Definition
| What happens in a dehyrdration reaction? |
|
|
Term
| There is an adding of OH and H |
|
Definition
| What happens in a hydrolysis reaction? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are the 5-carbon sugars? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is sucrose used for in plants? |
|
|
Term
| long polymers made up of monosaccharides |
|
Definition
| What are polysaccharides? |
|
|
Term
| it converts monosaccharides into disaccharides |
|
Definition
| What does metabolic energy do? |
|
|
Term
| a 5 carbon sugar held together by a phosphate bond |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transports across the membrane, and regulates movement of cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a particular region of a protein that has a particular function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| they detach into smaller subunits |
|
Definition
| What happens in dissociation? |
|
|
Term
| glycerol, two fatty acid, and a phosphate |
|
Definition
| what are phospholipids made up of? |
|
|
