Term
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Definition
| Fluid located in the microscopic spaces between the cells |
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Term
| Three main parts of a cell |
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Definition
| Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, and Nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| Membrane that separates the contents of a cell from the tissue fluid; encloses the cytoplasm and forms the outer boundary of the cell |
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Definition
| The gel-like substance of a cell exclusive of the nucleus and other organelles |
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Definition
| The small structures that make up much of the cytoplasm are called organelles. This name means "little organs" an appropriate name because they function for the cell just as organs function for the body |
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Term
| Types of organelles which are found in cytoplasm |
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Definition
| Ribosomes, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Mitochondria, Lysosomes, Centrieles, Cilia, Flagella |
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Term
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Definition
| Organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that synthesizes proteins; also known as a "protein factory" |
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Term
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
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Definition
| Network of tubules and vesicles in cytoplasm |
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Definition
| Small sacs stacked on one another near the nucleus that makes carbohydrate compounds, combines them with protein molecules, and packages the product in a globule |
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Definition
| Another kind of organelle in all cells; also known as "power plants" |
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Definition
| Membranous organelles containing various enzymes that can dissolve most cellular compounds; hence called digestive bags or suicide bags of cells |
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Definition
| One of a pair of tiny cylinders in the centrosome of a cell; believed to be involved with the spindle fibers formed during mitosis |
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Definition
| Hairlike projections of cells |
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Definition
| Single projection exitending from the cell surface; only example in humans is the "tail" of the male sperm |
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Definition
| Spherical structure within a cell; a group of neuron cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord; central core of the atom; made up of protons and (sometimes) neutrons |
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Definition
| A special type of cytoplasm found in the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| Critical to protein formation because it "programs" the formation of ribosomes in the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| Staining substance in the nucleus of cells; divides into chromosomes during mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA molecule that has coiled to form a compact mass during mitosis or meiosis; each chromosome is composed of regions called genes each of which transmits hereditary information |
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Term
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
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Definition
| Chemical compound that provides energy for use by body cells |
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Term
| Passive Transport Processes |
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Definition
| No cellular energy is required to move substances from a high concentration to a low concentration |
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Term
| Active Transport Processes |
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Definition
| Cellular energy is required to move substance from a low concentration to a high concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| Spreading; for example, scattering of dissolved particles |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of a fluid through a semipermeable |
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Term
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Definition
| Separation of smaller (diffusible) particles from larger (nondiffusible) particles through a semipermeable membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of water and solutes through a membrane by a higher hydrostatic pressure on one side |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the uphill movement of a substance through a living cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| "Up a concentration gradient" (that is, from a lower to a higher concentration) |
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Term
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Definition
| A system of coupled ion pumps that actively transports sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell at the same time-found in all living cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Ingestion and digestion of particles by a cell. The term phagocytosis comes from a Greek word meaning "to eat" |
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Definition
| The active transport mechanism used to transfer fluids or dissolved substances into cells. The term is appropriate because the word part pino- come from the Greek word meaning "drink" |
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Term
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Definition
| Indirect cell division involving complex changes in the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| Nucleic acid found in the cytoplasm that is crucial to protein synthesis |
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Term
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
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Definition
| Genetic material of the cell that carries the chemical "blueprint" of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| One of many segments of a chromosome (DNA molecule); each gene contains the genetic code for synthesizing a protein molecule such as an enzyme or hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when the double-stranded DNA molecules unwind and form mRNA |
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Definition
| The synthesis of a protein by ribosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| Duplicate copy of a gene sequence on the DNA that passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| The phase immediately fefore the visible stages of cell division whe the DNA of each chromosome replicates itself |
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Definition
| First stage of mitosis during which chromosomes become visible |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A beadlike structure that attaches one chromatid to another during the early stages of mitosis |
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Definition
| A network of tubules formed in the cytoplasm between the centrioles as they are moving away from each other |
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Term
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Definition
| Second stage of mitosis during which the nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear |
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Term
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Definition
| Stage of mitosis; duplicate chromosomes move to poles of dividing cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Depression in the parent cell surface during cell division; it appears at the end of anaphase and begins to divide the cell into two daughter cells |
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Definition
| Last stage of mitosis in which the cell divides |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal mass of proliferating cells that may be either benign or malignant |
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Term
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Definition
| A relatively harmless neoplasm |
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Definition
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Term
| The 4 main kinds of tissues that compose the body's many organs |
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Definition
| Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue, Muscle tissue, and Nervous tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Covers the body and its parts; lines various parts of the body; forms continuous sheets that contain no blood vessels; classified according to shape and arrangement |
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Term
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Definition
| Squamous (flat and scale like), Cuboidal (cube shape), Columnar (higher than they are wide), and Transitional (varging shapes that can stretch) |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple ( a single layer of cells of the same shape), and Stratified ( many layers of cells; named for the shape of cells in the outer layer) |
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Term
| Simple squamous epithelium |
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Definition
| Consists of a single layer of very thin and irregularly shaped cells |
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Term
| Stratified squamous epithelium |
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Definition
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Term
| Simple columnar epithelium |
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Definition
| Can be found lining the inner surface of the stomach, intestines, and some areas of the respiratory and reproductive tracts |
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Term
| Pseudostratified epithelium |
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Definition
| Typical of that which lines the trachea or windpipe |
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Term
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Definition
| Connective tissue layer of the serous membrane that holds and supports the epithelial cells |
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Term
| Simple cuboidal epithelium |
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Definition
| Does not form protective coverings but instead forms tubules or other grouping specialized for secretory activity |
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Definition
| Most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body; has numerous functions |
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Term
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Definition
| The intracellular substance of a tissue; for example, the matrix of bone is calcified, whereas that of blood is liquid |
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Term
| Major types of connective tissue in the body |
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Definition
| Areolar connective tissue, Adipose or fat tissue, Fibrous connective tissue, Bone, Cartilage, Blood, and Hematopoietic tissue |
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Term
| Areolar connective tissue |
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Definition
| Most widely distributed of all connective tissue types. It's the "glue" that gives form to the internal organs |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialized to store lipids |
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Term
| Fibrous connective tissue |
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Definition
| Consists mainly of thick bundles of strong, white collagen fibers arranged in parallel rows |
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Term
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Definition
| Principle organic constituent of connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Structural unit of compact bone tissue made up of concentric layers (lamellae) of hard bone matrix and bone cells (osteocytes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Circular arrangements of calcified matrix and cells that give bone its characteristic appearance |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Bloodlike connective tissue found in the red marrow cavities of bones and in organs such as the spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes |
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Term
| Three kinds of muscle tissue |
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Definition
| Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth |
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Term
| Skeletal or striated muscle |
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Definition
| Called voluntary because willed or voluntary control of skeletal muscle contractions is possible |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialized muscle that makes up the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscles that are not under conscious control; also known as involuntary or visceral; forms the walls of blood vessels and hollow organs |
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Term
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Definition
| Nerve cell, including its processes ( axons and dendrites) |
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Term
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Definition
| Supporting cells of nervous tissue; also called neuroglia |
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Term
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Definition
| Main part of a neuron from which the dendrites and axons extend |
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Term
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Definition
| Nerve cell process that transmits impulses away from the cell body |
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Term
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Definition
| Branching or treelike; a nerve cell process that transmits impulses toward the body |
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