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| a body of symbols and the systems for their use in messages that are common to the people of the same speech community |
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| a group of people who speak the same language |
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| symbols used by a speech community to represent objects, ideas, and feelings |
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| a theory claiming that language influences perception. Many different words for color distinction-white, ecru, eggshell, cream, ivory, pearl, etc. |
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1.to designate, label, define, and limit
2. to evaluate
3. to discuss things outside our immediate experience
4. to talk about language |
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| the direct, explicit meaning a speech community formally gives a word |
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| the feelings of evaluations we associate with word |
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| the position of a word in a sentence and the other words around it |
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cultures in which messages are direct, specific, and detailed
United states and most northern european countries. Speakers say exactly what they mean, and verbal messages are explicit, with lots of detail provided |
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| cultures in which messages are indirect, general, and ambiguous. Latin America, Asian, and American Indian. What speaker intends for you to understand from the verbal message depends heavily on the setting or context in which it is sent. |
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| feminine styles of language |
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| use words of empathy and support, emphasize concrete and personal language, and show politeness and tentativeness in speaking. |
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| masculine styles of language |
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| use words of status and problem solving, emphasize abstract and general language, and show assertiveness and control in speaking |
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| words that clarify meaning by narrowing what is understood from a general category to a particular item or group within that category |
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| words that appeal to the sense and help us see,hear, smell, taste, or touch |
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| words that narrow a larger category to a smaller group within that category |
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| specifying the time or time period that a fact was true or known to be true |
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| the mental and verbal practice of acknowledging the presence of individual differences when voicing generalizations |
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| wording that is full of life, vigorous, bright, and intense |
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| a direct comparison of dissimilar things |
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| a comparison that establishes a figurative identity between objects being compared |
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| the importance given to certain words or ideas |
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| technical terms whose meanings are understood only by select groups |
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| language choices that demonstrate respect for listeners |
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| informal vocabulary used by particular groups in society |
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| using words that may apply only to one sex, race, or other group as though they represent everyone. |
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| Use linguistic sensitivity |
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Definition
1. Adapt vocabulary to level of listener
2. Use jargon sparingly
3. Use slang appropriate to the listeners and to the situation
4. Use inclusive language
5. Use nonoffensive language |
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