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| class or superclass of jawless fish in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata. |
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| Member of a clade of tetrapods that have an amniotic egg containing specialized membranes that protect the embryo, including mammals and birds and other reptiles. |
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| A member of a primate group made up of the apes (gibbon, orangutan, gorilla, chimpanzee, and bonobo), monkeys, and humans. |
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| Member of an extremely diverse group of ancient reptiles varying in body shape, size, and habitat. |
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| Referring to organisms with bodies that are warmed by heat generated by metabolism. This heat is usually used to maintain a relatively stable body temperature higher than that of the external environment. |
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| mammals having a placenta; all mammals except monotremes and marsupials. |
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| Four membranes (yolk sac, amnion, chorion, allantois) that support the developing embryo in mammals and birds and other reptiles. |
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| A species on the human branch of the evolutionary tree; a member of the family Hominidae, including Homo sapiens and our ancestors. |
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| A term that refers to great apes and humans. |
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| Member of the subphylum Cephalochordata, small blade-shaped marine chordates that lack a backbone. |
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| A mechanoreceptor system consisting of a series of pores and receptor units (neuromasts) along the sides of the body in fishes and aquatic amphibians; detects water movements made by the animal itself and by other moving objects. |
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| A mammal, such as a koala, kangaroo, or opossum, whose young complete their embryonic development inside a maternal pouch called the marsupium. |
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| An egg-laying mammal, represented by the platypus and echidna. |
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| A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm. The cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin, bones of the skull, the teeth, the adrenal glands, and parts of the peripheral nervous system. |
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| A long flexible rod that runs along the dorsal axis of the body in the future position of the vertebral column. |
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| In aquatic osteichthyans, a protective bony flap that covers and protects the gills. |
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| An arrangement of the fingers such that the thumb can touch the ventral surface of the fingertips of all four fingers. |
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| Referring to a type of development in which young hatch from eggs laid outside the mother’s body. |
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| Referring to a type of development in which young hatch from eggs that are retained in the mother’s uterus. |
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| reproduction by an organism that has not achieved physical maturity |
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| The study of human origins and evolution. |
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| A structure in the pregnant uterus for nourishing a viviparous fetus with the mother’s blood supply; formed from the uterine lining and embryonic membranes. |
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| Paired blocks of mesoderm just lateral to the notochord of a vertebrate embryo. |
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| In aquatic osteichthyans, an air sac that enables the animal to control its buoyancy in the water. |
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| A vertebrate with two pairs of limbs, including mammals, amphibians, and birds and other reptiles. |
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| Members of the subphylum Urochordata, sessile marine chordates that lack a backbone. |
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