Term
| What are the steps in the Line of Communication? |
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Definition
| Receptors (sensory neurons), Integrators (interneurons), motor neurons, Effectors (Muscle glands), and Response (output) |
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Term
| How are nerve cells relative orientated to one another? |
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Definition
| signal conduction and information processing highways |
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Term
| Who has some sort of nerve system? |
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Definition
| all animals except sponges |
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Term
| Where do a diffuse mesh of nerve cells take part in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve cells interact with? |
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Definition
| sensory and contractile cells |
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Term
| What are examples of the Bilateral Nervous system? |
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Definition
| Flatworms, earthworm, crayfish, and grasshopper |
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Term
| From where did Bilateral nervous system evolve from? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Bilateral Planula Larvae of some ______ resembles _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the earliest fishlike vertebrates have? |
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Definition
| hollow, tubular nerve cord |
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Term
| What produced a spinal cord and brain in the vertebrates nervous system? |
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Definition
| Modification and expansion of nerve cord. |
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Term
| How does the nerve cord persists in vertebrates embryo? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nerves with sensory fibers, motor fibers, or both. |
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Term
| Autonomic and Somatic System? |
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Definition
| Autonomic system is Signals flow to and from the soft internal organs and Somatic is signals flow to and from skeletal muscle, skin, and tendons. |
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Term
| Autonomic system produces what kind of divisions? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic and Parasympathetic |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic unit of communication in nearly all nervous systems. They also monitor information in and around the body and issue commands for responsive actions. |
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Term
| What are the three classes of neurons? |
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Definition
| Sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons |
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Term
| Information about resting potential? |
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Definition
| The charge is difference across the plasma membrane of a neuron. Also fluid outside of the cell is more negatively charged than fluid inside of the cell. Potential is measured in millivolts and is usually about -70. |
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Term
| How do Ions move across a membrane? |
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Definition
| Passive transporters with open channels, Passive transporters with voltage sensitive gated channels, Active Transporters (Na+,K+ pump), Lipid bilayer of neuron membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| First Na+ is going to leak in, Then Na+ is going to be pumping out and in. Following K+ will leak out, and then Na+ leaks out. |
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Term
| What is the Ion concentration at resting potential of potassium and sodium? |
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Definition
| Potassium is higher inside than outside, and sodium is higher outside than inside. |
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Term
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Definition
| a transitory reversal in membrane potential occurs, voltage change causes voltage gated channels in the membrane to open, Inside of neuron briefly becomes more positive than outside. |
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Term
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Definition
| more Na+ ions flow into the neuron, therefore neuron becomes more positive on the inside, and more gated channels for Na+ open. |
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Term
| What happens if stimulation is above or below threshold level? |
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Definition
| if it is below no action potential occurs, if it is above cell is always depolarized(reduced) to the same level. |
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Term
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Definition
| Once peak depolarization is reached, Na+ gates closed and K+ gates open. Movement of K+ out of cell re-polarizes the cell. The inside of cell once again becomes more negative than the outside. |
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Term
| Propagation(reproducing) of Action Potentials? |
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Definition
| An action potential in one part of an axon brings a neighboring region into threshold. Action potential occurs in one patch of membrane after another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gap between the terminal ending of an axon and the input zone of another cell. |
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Term
| What causes voltage gated channels to open? |
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Definition
| Action potential in axon ending of presynaptic cell |
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Term
| Flow of calcium into presynaptic cell causes? |
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Definition
| release of neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft |
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Term
| What happens in Synaptic Transmission? |
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Definition
| neurotransmitter diffuse across cleft and bind to receptors on membrane of post synaptic cell. Binding of neurotransmitters to receptors opens ion channels in the membrane of the post synaptic cell. |
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