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| thinking in a non conscious, unintentional; in voluntary and effortless |
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| mental structures people use to organize their knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects and influence the information people notice, think about, and remember (eg. stereotypes are schemas connected to race or gender) |
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| the extent to which schemas and concepts are at the forefront of peoples minds and are therefore likely to be used when making judgments about the social world |
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| the process by which recent experiences increase the accessibility of a schema, trait, or concept |
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| the finding that peoples beliefs about themselves and the social world persist even after the evidence supporting these beliefs is discredited |
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| the case whereby people a) have an expectation of a person b) this influences how they act towards that person c) this causes said person to behave consistently with the others original expectations |
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| What is Rosenthal & Jacobson's IQ bloomers study an example of? |
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| mental shortcuts people use to make judgments quickly and efficiently |
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| a mental shortcut whereby people base a judgment on the ease with which they can bring something to mind |
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| representativeness heuristic |
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| a mental shortcut whereby people classify something according to how similar it is to a typical case |
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| information about the frequency of members of adifferent categories in the population (Quebecois students at UA) |
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| thinking that is conscious, intentional, voluntary, and effortful |
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| mentally changing some aspect of the past as a way to imaging what might have been (that could have gone worse/better) |
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| an attempt to avoid thinking about something a person would prefer to forget |
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| the barrier that results when people have too much confidence in the accuracy of their judgments; peoples judgments are usually not as correct as they think they are |
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| what are some functions of schemas |
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| allow for continuity, relate new info to old, reduces info to be processed, reduces ambiguity (one doesn't need to remember what a chair is when we see one) |
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| the Dartmouth and Princeton study was an example of: |
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| Hostile media phenomenon, only see their team as the righteous ones |
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| a general bias in which favourable or unfavourable impressions of a person biases future expectations and inferences about the person |
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| a tendency to search for information that confirms our preconceptions |
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| is the perception of a relationship where there is no relationship or it is weak (eg. stereotypes) |
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| involves the tendency to perceive random events as related feeds illusions of control (eg. bingo good-luck charms) |
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| anchoring and adjustment heuristic |
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| a mental shortcut that involves using a number or value as a starting point an dthen adjusting ones answer away from this anchor but not enough. (eg. i guess 2000, no wait! 1500.. oh damn it was 500) |
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| when are heuristics used? |
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| when we don't have time to think about an issue, are overloaded with information and cant process it, issues aren't very important, we have little knowledge, a given heuristic comes to mind quickly |
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| Synder and Swann intro/extro interviewee/ interviewer study was an example of? |
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| self-fulfilling prophecy, the interviewer expected the interviewees to behave a certain way and then asked related questions |
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| counterfactual thinking and victim compensation |
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| if a situation is different from he norm the victim should have know better vs. if it was a known situation (dark alley or brightly lit road) |
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