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| small segments of DNA that contain info for producing proteins |
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| all genetic information contained in our DNA |
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| genes within a population or entire species often take different forms (alleles) |
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| the scientific study of the role of heredity in behavior |
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| the hereditary passing on of traits determined by a single gene |
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| when many genes interact to create a single characteristic |
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| the extent to which a characteristic is influenced by genetics |
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| how the environment changes gene expression |
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| controls all the actions and automatic processes of the body |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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| all other nerve cells in the body |
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| transmits sensory information to the brain and spinal cord from the brain and spinal cord to the skeletal muscles |
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| serves the involuntary system of the body, like the internal organs and glands |
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| sympatheic nervous system |
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the nerves of these control muscles in organs such as stomach, small intestine, and bladder and glands, responsible for fight or flight response, activates bodily systems in time of emergency
(ACTIVATING THE BODY) |
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| one relaxation, or returning the body to less active states, everything relaxed |
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| cells of the nervous system |
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| holding CNS together, provide structural support, promote efficient communication between neurons and remove cellular debris |
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the cells that process and transmit information throughout the nervous system
-building blocks |
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| positively charged impulse that moves down an axon |
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| cell body of a neuron (contains a nucleus and other components needed for cell maintenance and function) |
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| extending from the soma-transmit electrical impulses toward the adjacent neuron |
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| fingerlike projections that receive incoming messages from other neurons |
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| what the axons are wrapped by, insulates axons so that impulses travel more efficiently and strengthens the connection to adjacent neurons |
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| process that is gradual and starts before birth and continues into early adulthood |
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| the junction between the axon and the adjacent neuron |
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| at the end of the axon, at each synapse, contains tiny sacs of neurotransmitters |
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| receive incoming sensory information from the sense organs (eyes, ears, skin, tongue, and nose) |
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| take commands from the brain and carry them to muscles of the body |
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| communicate only with other neurons |
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| fluid inside and outside the cell contains electrically charged particles |
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| the neuron cannot generate another action potential |
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| an action potential either fired or it does not, there is no half way, if the depolarized threshold is not reached, there is no action potential |
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| communication between neurons |
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| sacs that neurotransmitters are packaged in, in the terminal button |
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| regulates breathing, heart rate, arousal, and other basic functions of survival (3 parts-medulla, pons, cerebellum) |
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| regulates breathing,heart rate, blood pressure, and also involved in various kinds of reflexes |
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| bridge between lower brain regions and higher midbrain and forebrain activity |
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| little brain-contains more neurons than any other single part of the brain. -responsible for body movement, balance, coordination, and fine motor skills-important for cognitive abilities |
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| controls eye muscles, process auditory and visual information, and initiate voluntary body movement |
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| run through hindbrain and midbrain, crucial to waking up and falling asleep |
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largest part of the brain-relays sensory info to the part of the cerebral cortex most responsible for processing that specific kind of info, and limbic system
-control cognitive, sensory, and motor function-regulate temp, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping, and display of emotions |
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| hypothalamus (hunger). hippocampus (memory). amygdala (emotions). |
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| folded into convolutions or folds and divided into 2 large hemispheres |
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| outer layer of cerebrum in which much human thought, planning, perception, and consciousness takes place |
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| the fact that one side of the brain controls movement on the opposite side |
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| different parts of the cortex are responsible for diff functions |
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| corpus callosum-provides a channel for extensive communication between hemispheres-both logical and creative tasks |
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| electroencephalography (EEG) |
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used to record electrical activity of the brain
ERP-to measure cognitive processes |
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| electroencephalography (EEG) |
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used to record electrical activity of the brain
ERP-to measure cognitive processes |
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| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI |
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| mri-detailed images of the brain, fmri-tells us about activity (where occuring, etc.) |
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