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Definition
| space between two connecting neurons through which messages are transmitted |
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| spherical sacs containing neurotransmitters |
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support cells in nervous system
-formation of myelin
-blood-brain barrier
-responds to injury and removes debris |
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| glia cells forming a fatty coating that prevents certain substances from entering the brain |
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| electrical charge difference of -70 mv across the neuronal membrane, when the neuron is not being stimulated |
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| an electrical impulse that travels down the axon and allows neurons to communicate |
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| membrane potential necessary to trigger an action potential |
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| postsynaptic potentials that can be excitatory or inhibitory depending on whether positively or negatively charged particles flow across the neuronal membrane and which direction they flow |
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| recycling neurotransmitters |
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| glutamate and GABA (common) |
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Definition
| neurotransmitters in the CNS. Glutamate rapidly excites the neurons it acts on, GABA inhibits the neurons it acts on. |
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Definition
| In muscle contraction and the CNS. Manufactured in the basil forebrain, and released in the cerebral cortex, plays a role in cortical arousal, selective attention, and memory |
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| plays a key role in movement and reward |
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| chemicals in the brain that play a specialized role in pain reduction |
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| part of the nervous system containing the brain and spinal cord and their associated functions |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| nerves in the body that extend outside the CNS system |
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| forward part of the brain that allows advanced intellectual abilities; also known as the cerebrum |
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| bundle of nerve fibers connecting the cerebrum's two hemispheres |
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| controls the body's endocrine, and hormone producing system |
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| area that relays nerve signals to cerebral cortex. A MOTHER EFFIN GATE KEEPER SON |
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| regulates balance and body control |
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| regulates control of involuntary or unconscious functions such as breathing and heart rate |
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| analyzing sensory processing, programming motor movements, and higher brain functions |
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| two halves of the cerebral cortex, which serve different yet highly integrated cognition functions |
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| forward part of cerebral cortex containing the motor cortex and the prefrontal cortex; responsible for motor function, language, and memory |
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| part of the frontal lobe responsible for body movement |
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| part of the lobe responsible for thinking, planning, and language |
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| language area in the prefrontal cortex that helps control speech production |
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| a speech deficit involving severe difficulty in articulating words cause by damage to an area of the prefrontal cortex known as the broca's area |
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| upper middle part of the cerebral cortex lying behind the frontal lobe specialized for touch and perception |
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| lower part of the cerebral cortex below the temples, which plays roles in hearing, understanding language, and memories |
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| part of the temporal lobe involved in understanding speech |
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| back part of cerebral cortex specialized for vision |
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| regions in the cerebral cortex devoted to vision, touch, hearing, balance, taste, and smell |
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| regions of the cerebral cortex that integrate simpler functions to perform more complex functions |
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| structures in the forebrain that help to control movement |
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| region in forebrain containing acetylcholine neurons that affect activity of the cortex |
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| helps control head and neck reflexes and modulate motor activity |
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| small cerebrum in hindbrain responsible for our sense of balance |
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| involved in vital functions, such as heartbeat and breathing |
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| provides the brain with nutrients and cushioning against injury. Connects to the CNS and carries cerebrospinal fluid |
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| neurons that send messages to other neurons nearby and stimulate motor neurons |
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| an automatic motor response to a sensory stimulus like muscle stretch |
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| part of the peripheral nervous system carrying messages from the CNS through the body to control movement |
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| emotional center of the brain that also plays roles in smell, motivation, and memory |
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| part of the brain responsible for maintaining a constant internal state |
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| part of the limbic system that plays key roles and fear, excitement, and arousal |
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| part of the brain that plays role in spatial memory |
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| part of the peripheral nervous system controlling the involuntary actions of our internal organs and glands, which participates in emotion (limbic system) |
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| part of the autonomic nervous system engaged during a crisis, or after actions requiring flight or flight |
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| part of the autonomic nervous system that controls rest and digestion |
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| system of glands and hormones that controls secretion of blood-borne chemical messages |
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| blood-borne chemicals that influence target tissues and glands |
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| master gland that, under is under the control of the hypothalamus, directs other glands of the body |
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| tissue located on top of the kidneys that releases adrenaline and cortisol during states of emotional arousal |
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Term
| electroencephalography (EEG) |
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Definition
| recording of brains electrical activity at the surface of the skull |
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Definition
| a scanning technique using multiple x-rays to construct 3D images |
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| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
| technique that uses magnetic fields to indirectly visualize brain structure |
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| positron emission tomography (PET) |
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Definition
| imaging technique that measures uptake of glucose-like molecules, yielding a picture of regional metabolic activity in the brain in different regions |
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Definition
| technique that uses magnetic fields to visualize brain activity |
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| transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) |
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Definition
| technique that applies strong and quickly changing magnetic fields to the surface of the skull and that can either enhance or interrupt brain function |
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| magnetoencephalography (MEG) |
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Definition
| measure of brain activity using magnetometers that sense tiny magnetic fields generated by the brain |
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Definition
| cognitive function that relies more on one side of the brain than the other |
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Definition
| organisms' capacity to pass on their genes |
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Definition
| percentage of the variability in a trait across individuals that is due to genes |
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Definition
| ability of the nervous system to change |
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| unspecialized cells that retain the ability to become a wide variety of specialized cells |
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| the generation of new neurons within the nervous system |
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