Term
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Definition
| the members of the human lineage after it split from the chimpanzee. |
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Term
| Sahelanthropus tchadensis |
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Definition
| a possible early member of the hominin lineage. Fossils of the species were discovered in Chad in levels dating to 7 million BP. Oldeast known hominin fossils. |
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Term
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Definition
| an early species in the hominin lineage. this species, which lived approximately 4.5 million years ago, is known from fossils discovered in 1992 at the sire of aramis, Ethiopia. Didn't have large canines or the ability to walk on knuckles - bipedal |
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Term
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Definition
| During 4 -2 million years ago this occured in the hominin lineage. Evolution of a species to fill a niche. |
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Term
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Definition
| a hominin genus that lived in Africa between 4 -2.5 million BP |
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Term
| Australopithecus afarensis |
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Definition
| 'lucy' from Hadar, Ethiopia. Was the first evidence that an australopithecine walked on two legs. Adapted for both walking and climbing. |
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Term
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Definition
| location of the footprints |
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Term
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Definition
| 2.5 - 1.4 million BP, massive molars, strong jaw. indicative of mostly plant based diet. |
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Term
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Definition
| larger brain and smaller jaw than Paranthropus, and is the earliest genus assigned 'homo' - 2.5 - 1.6 million BP |
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Term
| Homo erectus (outside africa)/ergaster (africa) |
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Definition
| can be separated into 2 names, one for in africa and one outside of africa. 1.9 - 40.000? |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the richest early paleolithic or early stone age sites. stretches from east africa to the middle east. 1. depositional preservation. 2. erosion exposes. 3. volcanic - easy to date. |
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Term
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Definition
| part of east africa rift valley - located in tanzania |
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Term
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Definition
1.9 - 250/300.000 years ago
divided into acheulian and oldowan
the period during which hominins began using stone tools |
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Term
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Definition
| a period characterized by a certain approach to making stone tools |
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Term
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Definition
| lower paleolithic stone tool industry between 1.9 - 1.15 MYBP. characterized by flakes and choppers |
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Term
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Definition
| sliver of rock that has been struck off of a stone |
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Term
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Definition
| piece from which the flake has been struck |
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Term
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Definition
| lower paleolithic stone tool industry between 1.7 - 250/200.000 YBP. Characterized by bifacial tools including handaxes/cleavers/anvils. starts at the extinction of homo habilis and commencement of homo erectus/ergaster |
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Term
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Definition
| characteristic of the acheulian. bifaces includes handaxes, anvils and cleavers. symmetry with reference to a single axis. used for over 1 million years. |
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Term
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Definition
| mineral elements of plants cells that survive after the plant disintegrates. suggest handaxes were used for wood working. |
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Term
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Definition
| location where chimps use stone hammers and anvils to break open hard nuts. the tools not manufactured but rather are used as found. |
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Term
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Definition
| locations in the east african rift valley where many important fossils, including lucy (near complete australopithecine skeleton) were found. earliest stone tools (2.5 MYBP), that show complex process to make tools. |
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Term
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Definition
| gnawing, butchering, smashing - the order these occurred in is hard to determine archaeologically. |
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Term
| home-base/food sharing model |
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Definition
| model developed by Isacc sees the sharing of meat at base camps as a fundamental part of the lives of early hominins |
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Term
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Definition
| an archaeological surface that is the result of a series of distinct occupational episodes |
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Term
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Definition
| an event where a single species dramatically expands its range |
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