Term
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Definition
| a vertebrae that has dry, scaly skin, lungs and terietrial eggs with several membranes. |
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Term
| _________ ___________ is dry and often covered with thick protective coating |
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Definition
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Term
| a reptiles body's covering ______________________ |
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Definition
| helps prevent the loss of body water in dry enviroments. |
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Term
| A reptiles tough, scaly skin must shed peoriodically as it increases in size because... |
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Definition
| the skin doesn't grow when the rest of the reptile grows. |
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Term
| Reptiles were the first vertebraes to... |
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Definition
| reproduce without depositing eggs into water |
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Term
| Who are the early ancestors of reptiles? |
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Definition
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Term
| A great adaptive radiation of reptiles took place when? |
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Definition
| During the late Triassic and Jurassic periods |
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Term
| The Age of Reptiles is a name for what period? |
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Definition
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Term
| During what period did the mass extinction occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the adaptations made by the reptilian species. (six adaptations) |
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Definition
* Well-developed lungs
* a douple loop ciculatory system
* a water-conserving exceretory
* strong limbs
* internal fertiliaztion
* shelled terrestrial eggs |
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Term
| _________ rely on behavior to help control body temperature |
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Definition
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Term
| the lungs of reptiles are spongy, thus enabling |
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Definition
| more gas-exchange area than amphibians |
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Term
| One loop of the double-loop circlatory system_________, the other loop __________ |
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Definition
* brings in blood to form the lungs
* brings blood to form the body |
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Term
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Definition
| contains either amminia or uric acid |
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Term
| reptiles that are active during the day.. |
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Definition
| tend to have complex eyes and can see color well |
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Term
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Definition
| an extremely good sense of smell |
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Term
| In adition to a pair of nostrils.. |
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Definition
| most reptiles have sensory organs in the roof of their mouth that can detect chemicals when the reptile flicks their tounge |
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Term
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Definition
| tend to have larger, stronger limbs that enable them to walk, run, burrow, swim or climb |
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Term
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Definition
| all reptiles reproduce by this |
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Term
| Most reptiles are oviparousi which means |
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Definition
| they lay eggs that develop outside the mother's body |
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Term
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Definition
| a fluid-filled sac that surrounds and cushions the developing embryo. |
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Term
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Definition
| regulates the transport of oxygen from the surface of eggs to the embryo |
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Term
| ________ Serves as a nutrient rich food supply for the embryo |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________ stores the waste produced by the embryo. |
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Definition
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Term
| Allantosis later fuses with ________ and serves as respiratory organs |
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Definition
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Term
| The four survivng groups of reptiles are... |
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Definition
* lizards and snakes
* crocodilian
* turtles and tortoises
* tuatara |
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Term
| Many reptiles are in danger due to... |
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Definition
| past and present destruction |
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Term
| Sea Turles are numerous... |
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Definition
| in both the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean |
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Term
Birds have:
*outer covering of _______
* two legs that are covered with ______ and are used for ______ or ________
* front limbs are modified into ________ |
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Definition
* feathers
* scales
* walking
* perching
* wings |
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Term
| The single most important differential characterisitc between reptiles and birds are... |
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Definition
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Term
| Feathers are made mostly of... |
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Definition
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Term
| Feather's form __________ in the bird's skin |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of feathers? |
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Definition
| to help birds fly and maintain warmth |
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Term
| The two types of feathers are... |
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Definition
| feathers, and down feathers |
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Term
| ______ or ______ feathers are the most specialized of all feathers. |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| a layer of the fine feathers under the tougher exterior feathers |
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Term
| Paleotalogist believe that... |
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Definition
birds evolved from extinct repiles.
*most think they are straight from dino |
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Term
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Definition
| the first discovered birdlike fossil |
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Term
| The Archeopteryx dates back from... |
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Definition
| the late Jurassic Period, about 150 million years ago |
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Term
Adaptations of birds include...
(there are six) |
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Definition
*
* higly efficent digestion
* higly efficient repiratory system
* highly efficient ciculatory sytem
* aerodynamic feathers
* aerodynamic wings
*
* strong, lightweight bones
* strong chest muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
their own body heat
(they are ectotherms) |
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Term
| BiRdS have a high rate of... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Any body heat that a bird loses... |
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Definition
| must be replaced by eating food |
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Term
| _______or __________ are adapted to the type of food they eat. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Birds have a crop which is located where? |
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Definition
| at the lower end of the esophagus |
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Term
| food is ______ and__________ in the crop. |
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Definition
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Term
| After food is stored and moisturized in the crop it movers farther in the... |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the breaking down of cells in crop produce during nesting season? |
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Definition
| A substance that is rich in protein and fat. |
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Term
| Parents __________ the protein and fat rich substance produced from the crop, adn feed their young with it. |
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Definition
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Term
| Parents __________ the protein and fat rich substance produced from the crop, adn feed their young with it. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does moistened food move after leaving the crop? |
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Definition
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Term
| In birds, what do gizzards do? |
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Definition
| Helps in the mechanical break down of food by grinding it |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Food moves from the __________ to the__________ where the breaking down of food is complete and food is absorbed into the body |
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Definition
* stomach
* small intestine |
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Term
| Through what does digestive waste leave the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a bird inhales, ________ first enters large posterior air sac in the _________ and _________ |
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Definition
* moist air
* body cavity
* Bones |
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Term
| Inhaled air flows thru what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The complex system of air sacs and breathing tubes ensure that... |
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Definition
| air flows into the air savs and out thru the lungs in a single direction |
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Term
| The constant oneway flow of oxygen-rich air helps birds do what? |
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Definition
| maintain their high membrane rate |
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Term
| Birds need what to maintain body temperature and provide the large amounts of energy required for flight? |
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Definition
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Term
| The efficency extractions of oxygen enables birds... |
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Definition
| to fly at high altitudes where the air is thin. |
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Term
| Birds have _______ hearts and two __________. |
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Definition
* Four-chambered hearts
* seperate circulatory loops |
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Term
| What takes place with nitrogenous waste? |
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Definition
| It is removed from the blood by the kidneys, converted to uric acid, and deposited into the cloaca |
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Term
| Birds have a brain that can ________ and _______ to alot of incoming signals. |
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Definition
* Quickly Interpet
* Repsond |
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Term
| What are the three parts of the brain? |
|
Definition
* Cerebellum
* Cerebrum
* Meulla Abongata |
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Term
| What is the function of the Cerebrum? |
|
Definition
| controls flying, next buildings, care for young, courtship, and mating |
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Term
| What is the function of the Cerebellum? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function fo the medulla ablongata? |
|
Definition
| coordinates basic body preocesses, such as the heart beat. |
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Term
| What do birds have thats extremely well developed? |
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Definition
| eyes and sizable optic lobes in the brain |
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Term
| what sense(s) are not well developed in birds |
|
Definition
| the sense of taste and smell |
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Term
| In Flying birds, many large bones such as the ________ are fused together, making the bird skeleton ________ rigid than a reptile. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bones are stretched by what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| __________ make many bones lightweight. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the reproductive organ in birds? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| As birds prepare to mate, the ovaries and testies grow unti... |
|
Definition
| They reach functioning size |
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Term
| Birds lay what type of egg? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What does a chick do when it is ready to hatch? |
|
Definition
| It uses a mall tooth in its bill to make a hole in the shell. |
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