Term
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Definition
| Around the time of conception,generally defined as the month before and the month after conception. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition occuring among women of reproductive age that includes a group of phsyical,psychological,and behavioral systoms with onset in the menstrual bleeding. Also called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) |
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Term
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Definition
| Painful menstruation due to abominal cramps,back pain,headache,and/or other symptoms. |
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Term
| Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) |
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Definition
| A protein that bindswith the sex hormones testerone and estrogen. Also called steroid hormone binding globulin , because testosterone and estrogen are produced from cholesterol and are thus considered to be steriod hormones. These hormones are inactive when bound to SHBG, but are available for use when needed. Low levels of SHBG, but are available for use when needed. Low levels of SHBG are relates to increased availability of testosterine and estrogen in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which cells " resist" the action of insulin in facilitating the passage of glucose into cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Low -grade inflammation that lasts weeks,months,or years. Infammation triggers the release of biologically active substances that promotes oxidation and other potentially harmful reactions in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cessation of menstruation releated to changes in hypothalamic signals that maintain the secretion of hormones required for ovulation.Changes in hypothalamic singals appear to be triggered by an energy deficit. Also called functional amenorrhea and weight-related amenorrhea. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder characterized by extreme underweight,mainutrition,amenorrhea,low bone density,irrational fear of weight gain,restricted food intake,hyperactivity,and disturbance in body image. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder characterized by repeated bouts of controlled,rapid ingestionof large qualities of food followed by self induced vomiting ,laxatives or diuretic use,fasting or vigorous exerise in order to prevent weight gain.Binge eating is often followed by feelings of disgust and guilt. Menstrual cycle abnormalities may accompany this disorder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Exposures that produced malformations in embryos or fetuses. |
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Term
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Definition
| A structural ,functional ,or metabolic abnormality present at birth. Also called congenital anomalies. These maybe caused by environmental or genetical factors,or by combination of the two.Structural abnormalities are generally refferred to as congenital malinformations,and metabolic abnormalities as inborn errors of metabolism. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the movement of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells within the organs and muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diseases that result from a failure of an organism to recognizes it own constituent parts as "self." The organism attempts to defend itself from foreign substance through actions of it immune system. These actions can damage molecules,tissues,and organs. Type 1 diabetes,lupus,and rheumatoid arthritis are examples of autoimmune diseases. |
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Term
| Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) |
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Definition
| A condition in females characterized by insulin resistance,high blood insulin and testosterone levels,obesity,polycystic ovaries,menstrual dysfunction, amenrrhea, infertility, hirsutism (excess body hair),and acene. |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of the extent to which blood glucose levels are rasied by a specific amount od carbohydrates containing food conpared to the same amount of glucose and white bread. |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of the extent to which blood glucose levels are raised by a specific amount of carbohydrate containing food. It is calculated by multiplying the carbohydrates content of an amount of food consumed by the glycemis index of the food,and dividing the results by 100. |
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Term
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Definition
| An inherited erroe in phenylalanine metabolism most commonly caused by deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase,which convents the essential amino acid phenylanine to the nonessential amino acids tyrsine. |
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Term
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Definition
| An autoimmune dieases that causes malabsorption due to an inherited sensitivity to the gliadin portion of gluten in wheat ,rye,and barley.It is often responsible for iron,folate,zinc,and other deficiencies. Also called celiac sprue and nontropical sprue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemicals released by the immune system that attack ots own molecules,cells,and tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
| A virus that is the most common cause of serve diarrhea among children. Diarrhea caused by rotavirus gemerally lasts 2 days,and recovery is full in otherwise healthy children. The rotavirus is generally spread from an infected person's stoold to foods. |
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