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| Nerve cells, which are the nervous systems basic unit. |
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| The process by which the axon portion of the neuron becomes covered and insulated with a layer of fat cells, which increases the speed and efficiency of information processing in the nervous system. |
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| Gaps between neurons, where connections between axon and dendrites occur. |
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| A large bundle of axon fibers that connect the brain's left and right hemispheres. |
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| The highest level of the brain's front lobes that is involved in reasoning, decision making, and self control. |
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| A portion of the brain's limbic system that is the seat of emotions such as anger. |
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| A mental concept or framework that is useful in organizing and interpreting information. |
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| Occurs when individuals relinquish their cultural identity and move into the larger society. |
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| An adjustment to new information. |
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| A mechanism in Piaget's theory that explains how individuals shift from one state of thought to the next. The shift occurs as they experience cognitive conflict or a disequilibrium in trying to understand the world. Eventually, the individual resolves the conflict and reaches a balance, or equilibrium, of thought. |
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| Piaget's first stage of development, lasting from birth to about 2 years of age. In this stage, infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with physical, motoric actions. |
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| Piaget's second stage, which lasts approximately from 2 to 7 years of age. In this stage, children being to represent their world with words, images, and drawings. |
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| concrete operational stage |
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| Piaget's third stage, which lasts approximately from 7 to 11 years of age. In this stage, children can perform operations. Logical reasoning replaces intuitive thought as long as the reasoning can be applied to specific or concrete examples. |
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| Piaget's fourth and final stage of cognitive development, which he argued emerges at 11 to 15 years of age. It is characterized by abstract, idealistic, and logical thought. |
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| hypothetical-deductive reasoning |
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| Zone of proximal development (ZPD) |
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| social constructivist approach |
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| psychometric/intelligence view |
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| intelligence quotient (IQ) |
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| triarchic theory of intelligence |
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