Term
| What are fungi more closely related to animals or plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small filaments that make up the vegetative body |
|
|
Term
| What are the cells walls mostly composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What plant matter do they usually decay to obtain nutrients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fungi that eats dead orgainic matter |
|
|
Term
| describe the nuclei of fungi |
|
Definition
| small with little repetitive DNA |
|
|
Term
| True or False: all fungi are non-vascular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of fungi undergo alternation of generations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what form do fungi store their energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TRUE or FALSE: some fungi are photosynthetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do fungi need to live in moist environments to avoid drying out? |
|
Definition
| they dry out easily due to the high suface area from the hyphae |
|
|
Term
| WHat are the two growth forms of fungi? |
|
Definition
| single cellular yeats and multicellular mycelia |
|
|
Term
| List the four phyla of fungi fro most basal to most derived |
|
Definition
| chitridiomycota, zygomycota, ascoycota, basidiomycota |
|
|
Term
| Which group of fungi do not have septa in their hyphae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do gametes of chytridiomycetes move? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False the ascomycota undergo only sexual reproduction. |
|
Definition
| FALSE! They have both a sexual and asexual |
|
|
Term
| Which type of fungi is most used in the formation of lichens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which part of the ascomycese produce spores? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do zygomycota reproduce? |
|
Definition
| By yoking their hyphae together |
|
|
Term
| Which phylum of fungi is the kind people usually identify as mushrooms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
spore-bearing
surface, such as the gills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cap found on basidiomycota that bears the gills that carry the basidia |
|
|
Term
| What are ectomycorrhizae? |
|
Definition
| the fungus forms an external sheath of mycelium around the root tips, and hyphal cells do not penetrate the cell walls |
|
|
Term
| What are endomycorrhizae? |
|
Definition
| the root cortex cells of the plant are invaded by the fungus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lichens are a symbiosis between an alga or a cyanobacteria and a fungus |
|
|
Term
| Why do biologists study fungi? |
|
Definition
- fungi provide nutrients for land plants
- fungi are key model organisms in eukaryotic genetics |
|
|
Term
| What part of the carbon cycle do fungi contribute to? |
|
Definition
| The release of CO2 from plants, animals and fungi as a result of cellular respiration |
|
|
Term
| What are mycorrhizal fungi? |
|
Definition
| fungi associated with plant roots |
|
|
Term
| How many species of fungi regularly cause illness in humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the fungi that is used in research on cell biology and molecular genetics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is Saccharomyces cerevisiae so frequently used in research? |
|
Definition
- easy to culture and manipulate in lab
- grows rapidly
- meetings can easily be created and transferred among individuals |
|
|
Term
| What is the estimated total species of fungi? |
|
Definition
| 1.65 million species or higher |
|
|
Term
| What are the two growth forms of fungi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the typical ploidy of hyphae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does heterokaryotic mean? |
|
Definition
| Heterokaryotic means having to haploid nuclei (also dikaryotic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Septa are cell-like compartments that separate filaments |
|
|
Term
| What is a commensal relationship? |
|
Definition
| A commensal relationship is one in which one species benefits while the other is unaffected |
|
|
Term
| What drove the diversification of fungi? |
|
Definition
| The evolution of novel methods were absorbing nutrients from a wide array of food sources drove the diversification of fungi |
|
|
Term
| What is an endophytic association? |
|
Definition
| An endophytic association is an association between a plant and a fungi that occurs above ground |
|
|
Term
| What group of fungi comprises most EMF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the mutualistic relationship between EMF and plants |
|
Definition
| EMFs provide nitrogen and phosphate ions to the host plant and receive sugars and other complex carbon compounds in return |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the fungi that grow into the cells of root tissue? |
|
Definition
| Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) |
|
|
Term
| What do AMF provide to plants? |
|
Definition
| AMF provide phosphorus to the plants, but they do not provide nitrogen |
|
|
Term
| True or False: most endophytic fungi are parasitic |
|
Definition
| False: endophytes are not parasitic |
|
|
Term
| How do saprophytic fungi feed? |
|
Definition
| Saprophytes seek out large, complex molecules such as cellulose, lignin, proteins and nucleic acids and break them down into hundreds or thousands of smaller compounds |
|
|
Term
| True or False: fungi and a few bacterial species are the only organisms that can digest wood completely |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the process of extracellular digestion? |
|
Definition
The fungi secrete enzymes
Compounds resulting from enzymatic action are then absorbed by the hyphae |
|
|
Term
| What does coenocytic mean? |
|
Definition
| Coenocytic means the hyphae lack septa |
|
|
