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chapter 3
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31
Chemistry
11th Grade
12/07/2011

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Term
Chemical bond
Definition
the force that holds two atoms together
Term
Cation
Definition
An ion or group of ions having a positive charge and characteristically moving toward the negative electrode in electrolysis.
Term
anion
Definition
negatively charged ion
Term
Ionic bond
Definition
chemical bond between two ions with opposite charges, characteristic of salts.
Term
Ionic compuond
Definition
is a chemical compound in which ions are held together
Term
crystal lattice
Definition
A geometric arrangement of the points in space at which the atoms, molecules, or ions of a crystal occur.
Term
electrolyte
Definition
a substance that will dissociate into ions in solution and acquire the capacity to conduct electricity
Term
Lattice energy
Definition
The energy required to separate ions in an ionic crystal an infinite distance from each other.
Term
Formula unit
Definition
the ratio with the least number of elements out of the set of empirical formulas.
Term
Monatomic Ion
Definition
an ion consisting of one or more atoms of a single element
Term
Oxidation number
Definition
Numerical charge on the ions of an element.
Term
Polyatomic Ion
Definition
An electrically charged species formed by covalent bonding of atoms of two or more different elements
Term
Oxyanion
Definition
an anion containing one or more oxygen atoms bonded to another element
Term
Electron Sea model
Definition
a model of mettalic bondig in which cations are considered to be fixed points within a mobile 'sea' of electrons.
Term
delocalized electron
Definition
are electrons in a molecule, ion or solid metal that are not associated with a single atom or one covalent bond
Term
Metallic bond
Definition
The chemical bond characteristic of metals, in which mobile valence electrons are shared among atoms in a usually stable crystalline structure.
Term
Alloy
Definition
A homogeneous mixture or solid solution of two or more metals
Term
Covalent bond
Definition
The number of electron pairs an atom can share with other atoms
Term
Molecule
Definition
The smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance
Term
Lewis structure
Definition
When unshared electrons are called lone pairs
Term
Sigma bond
Definition
The chemical bond resulting from the formation of a molecular orbital by the end-on overlap of atomic orbitals
Term
Pi bond
Definition
are covalent chemical bonds where two lobes of one involved atomic orbital
Term
Endothermic reaction
Definition
a chemical reaction accompanied by the absorption of heat
Term
Exothermic reaction
Definition
one that releases heat.
Term
Oxyacid
Definition
an acid containing oxygen
Term
Structural formula
Definition
A chemical formula that shows how the atoms and bonds in a molecule are arranged
Term
Reasonance
Definition
The increase in amplitude of oscillation of an electric or mechanical system exposed to a periodic force
Term
Coordinate covalent bond
Definition
a special type of covalent bond in which the shared electrons come from one of the atoms
Term
VSEPR mode
Definition
model in chemistry used to predict the shape of individual molecules
Term
Hybridization
Definition
The production of viable hybrid somatic cells following experimentally induced cell fusion
Term
Polar covalent bond
Definition
A bond in which a pair of electrons is shared in common between two atoms
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