Term
| What is one of the oldest antibacterial agents used to combat infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sulfonamides are not classified as an antibiotic. Why? |
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Definition
| B/c they are not obtained from biologic substances. |
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Term
| What do sulfonamides inhibit specifically? |
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Definition
| Bacterial synthesis of folic acid, which is essential for bacterial growth. |
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Term
| Can bacterial resistance t o some sulfonamides develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. Sulfonamides are approximately 60% effective against E. coli. |
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Definition
| False. They are approximately 90% effective against E. coli. |
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Term
| T/F Sulfonamides may not be used as an alternative drug for PCN. |
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Definition
| False. Sulfonamides may be used as an alternative drug for clients allergic to penicillin. |
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Term
| How well are sulfonamides absorbed by the GI tract? |
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Definition
They are well absorbed by the GI tract and are well distributed to body tissues and the brain.
The liver metabolizes them, and the kidneys excrete them. |
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Term
| T/F. Many sulfonamides are for oral administration? |
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Definition
| True. This is because they are well absorbed by the GI tract. |
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Term
| What are some forms that sulfonamides can come in? |
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Definition
Solution
Ointment for eyes
Cream for burns |
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Term
| What are the two categories of sulfonamides? |
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Definition
Short-acting (rapid absorption and excretion rate)
Intermediate-acting (moderate to slow absorption and slow excretion rate) |
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Term
| Older sulfonamides, such as sulfadiazine, had low solubility and caused ______ and _____. |
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Definition
Crystallization in the urine
Renal damage |
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Term
|
Definition
allergic response - skin rash and itching
blood disorders - hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, low white blood cell and platelet counts from prolonged use and high dosage
GI disturbances |
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Term
| One method for helping to prevent crystalluria from occuring is |
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Definition
| Increasing fluid intake to dilute the drug |
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Term
| Photosensitivity (excessive reaction to direct sunlight or UV light leading to redness and burning of skin) might occur with |
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Definition
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Term
| Sulfonamides should be avoided during the _____ trimester of pregnancy. |
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Definition
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Term
| A short acting sulfonamide is |
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Definition
| sulfadiazine (microsulfon) (think micro, like short or small) |
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Term
| Two intermediate acting sulfonamides are |
|
Definition
Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) |
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Term
| Cross sensitivity is unique to |
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Definition
| Sulfonamides. This does not occur with other antibacterial drugs. |
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Term
| Trimethoprim is useful against UTIs. It works against g-neg bacteria: |
|
Definition
Proteus spp
Klebsiella spp
and E. coli |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is effective in treating: |
|
Definition
Urinary, intestinal, and lower RTIs
Otitis media
Prostatitis
Gonorrhea
Used to prevent pneumonia in AIDS patients |
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Term
| Use of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim/TMP-SMZ is contraindicated in |
|
Definition
| Severe renal or hepatic diseases |
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Term
| SE and AR to TMP-SMZ in the sulfonamide class are: |
|
Definition
SE:
Anorexia
N/V/D
Rash
Stomatitis
Depression
Vertigo
Photosensitivity
AR:
Leukopenia, thrommbocytopenia, bone marrow depression, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosos, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, renal failure |
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Term
| As TMP-SMZ is well absorbed from the GI tract, moderately protein-bound, and its half-life is 8-12 hours, it is administered how often? |
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Definition
B.I.D.
It is excreted as unchanged metabolites in the urine. |
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Term
| What does TMP-SMZ do to the hypoglycemic response? |
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Definition
| It increases it when taken with sulfonylureas (oral hypoglycemic agents). It can also increase the activity of oral anticoagulants. |
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Term
| Clients with what illness are more susceptible to TMP-SMZ toxicity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are topical sulfonamides not frequently used? |
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Definition
| They can cause hypersensitivity reactions. |
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Term
| What is a sulfonamide deravitive prescribed to prevent sepsis in cases of second and third degree burns? |
|
Definition
Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon)
Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) is another topical sulfonamide used to treat burns. |
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Term
| What is a sulfonamide for opthalmic and topical use? |
|
Definition
| Sulfacetamide sodium (remember sulFACEtamide) |
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Term
| T/F Sulfonamide ointments can be used for the eyes. |
|
Definition
| Yes, but ONLY if OPTHALMIC is printed on the drug label. |
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Term
| What should be assessed when sulfonamides are being administered? |
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Definition
| Client's renal fxn by checking urinary output (>600mL/d), blood urea nitrogen (8-25 mg/dL), and serum creatinine (0.5-1.5 mg/dL) |
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Term
| What can happen to the client's skin if they are hypersensitive to sulfonamides? |
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Definition
Erythema dermatitis
Exvoliative dermatitis |
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Term
| T/F It is not necessary to assess baseline lab results, such as a CBC when administering sulfonamides. |
|
Definition
| False. It is very important to assess baseline lab results, especially CBC. |
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