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Definition
| The projected image of one's self in a relational situation. |
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Definition
| "Since neither of you have met me before, I have no stake in what you decide." |
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Term
| Guarantee confidentiality |
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Definition
| "What you say today is strictly between us. I'll rip up my notes before you go." |
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Definition
| Specific verbal and non-verbal messages that help to maintain and restore face loss, and to uphold and honor face gain. |
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| Wherein people identify with a larger group that is responsible for providing care in exchange for group loyalty; we-identity; a high-context culture. |
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| Wherein people look out for themselves and their immediate families; I-identity, a low-context culture. |
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| Self-image; the degree to which people conceive of themselves as relatively autonomous from, or connected to others. |
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| self-construal of a person raised in a collectivistic society. |
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Definition
| Regard for self-face, other-face, or mutual face. |
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Definition
| The self-concerned facework strategy used to preserve autonomy and defend against loss of personal freedom. |
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Definition
| The other-concerned facework strategy used to defend and support another person's need for inclusion |
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Definition
| Responding to conflict by withdrawing from open discussion |
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Term
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Definition
| Accommodating or giving in to the wishes of another in a conflict situation. |
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Definition
| Conflict management by negotiation or bargaining; seeking a middle way. |
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Definition
| Competing to win when people's interests conflict. |
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Definition
| Problem solving through open discussion; collaborating for a win-win resolution of conflict. |
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Definition
| Managing conflict by disclosure or venting of feelings |
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Term
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Definition
| Making indirect accusations, showing resentment, procrastination, and other behaviors aimed at thwarting another's resolution of conflict. |
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Term
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Definition
| Making indirect accusations, showing resentment, procrastination, and other behaviors aimed at thwarting another's resolution of conflict. |
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Term
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Definition
| A method of conflict management in which disputing parties seek the aid of a mediator, arbitrator, or respected neutral party to help them resolve their differences. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recognizing that things are not always what they seem, and therefore seeking multiple perspectives in conflict situations. |
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Term
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Definition
| The work of a naturalist who watches, listens, and records communicative conduct in its natural setting in order to understand a culture's concept web of meanings |
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Term
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Definition
| A historically enacted socially constructed system of terms, meanings, premises and rules, pertaining to communicative conduct |
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Term
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Definition
| Both the discovery of truth and a persuasive appeal |
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Term
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Definition
| A code that grants worth to an individual on the basis of adherence to community values. |
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Term
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Definition
| The worth an individual has by virtue of being a human being. |
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Term
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Definition
| When you are close to somebody |
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Term
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Definition
| In which parties listen and demonstrate a willingness to change, are distinct from routine associations, where people are stagnant. |
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Term
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Definition
| in which people are totally "for" the other person, stand in opposition |
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Term
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Definition
| A careful performance of a structured sequence of actions that pays homage to a sacred object. |
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Term
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Definition
| A research methodology committed to performance as both the subject and method of research, to researchers' work being performance, and to reports of fieldwork being actable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Collectivistic, hierarchical, code of honor, a man's world |
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Term
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Definition
| Individualistic, egalitarian, code of dignity, a woman's world |
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Definition
| A linguist at the University of California, Berkeley, who was one of the first scholars to attempt to classify regularities of women’s speech that differentiate “women-talk” from “men-talk.” |
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Definition
| The quality of having a blend of both strong masculine and strong feminine characteristics. |
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Definition
| A social construction of the characteristics of men and women that are often labeled as masculine and feminine; sex is a fact, while gender is an idea that has been learned from and reinforced by others. |
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Definition
| A linguist at Georgetown University who has pioneered research in genderlect styles. |
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Term
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Definition
| A term that suggests that masculine and feminine styles of discourse are best viewed as two distinct cultural dialects and not inferior or superior ways of speaking. |
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Term
| You Just Don’t Understand |
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Definition
| Tannen’s bestseller, which presents genderlects styles to a popular audience. |
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Term
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Definition
| The typical conversational style of women, which seeks to establish connection with others. |
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Term
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Definition
| The typical monologic style of men, which seeks to command attention, convey information, and win arguments. |
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Term
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Definition
| A supportive interruption often meant to show agreement and solidarity with the speaker. |
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Term
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Definition
| A short question at the end of a declarative statement, often used by women to soften the sting of potential disagreement or invite open, friendly dialogue. |
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Term
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Definition
| A subjective standard ascribing validity to an idea when it resonates with one’s personal experience. |
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Term
| Ken Burke, Nancy Burroughs-Denhart, and Glen McClish |
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Definition
| Communication scholars who suggest that although Tannen claims both female and male styles are equally valid, many of her comments and examples tend to disparage masculine values. |
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Term
| Julia Wood and Christopher Inman |
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Definition
| Communication scholars from the University of North Carolina who observe that the prevailing ideology of intimacy discounts the ways that men draw close to each other. |
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Term
| Adrianne Kunkel and Brant Burleson |
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Definition
| Communication scholars from the University of Kansas and Purdue University respectively who challenge the different cultures perspective based on results from their research on comforting. |
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Term
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Definition
| A German linguist and feminist who accuses Tannen of ignoring issues of male dominance, control, power, sexism, discrimination, sexual harassment, and verbal insults. |
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Term
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Definition
| A philosopher of science at the University of California, Los Angeles, who has most advanced standpoint theory among feminist scholars. |
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Term
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Definition
| A professor of communication at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill who has championed and applied standpoint theory within the field of communication. |
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Term
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Definition
| A place from which to critically view the world around us. |
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Term
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Definition
| German philosopher whose 1807 analysis of the master-slave relationship revealed that what people “know” depends upon which group they are in and that the powerful control received knowledge. |
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Definition
| Previously introduced in the Media and Culture section, a postmodernist who favors a stance of “incredulity toward metanarratives,” including Enlightenment rationality and Western science. |
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Term
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Definition
| Knowledge situated in time, place, experience, and relative power; as opposed to knowledge from nowhere that's supposedly value free. |
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Definition
| The strategy of starting research from the lives of women and other marginalized groups, thus providing a less false view of reality. |
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Definition
| African American sociologist at Brandeis University, who claims the patterns of “intersecting oppressions” means that black women are in a different marginalized place in society than white women or black men. |
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Definition
| Professor emeritus from the University of Illinois and a visiting professor at the Center for the Study of Women at the University of Oregon; leader in the study of muted group theory. |
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Term
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Definition
| An approach to communication that considers women a muted group because man-made language aids in defining, depreciating, and excluding them. |
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Term
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Definition
| A social anthropologist at Oxford University who first proposed the idea that women are a muted group. |
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Term
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Definition
| An Oxford University researcher who collaborated with Edwin Ardener on the development of muted group theory. |
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Definition
| Editors and other arbiters of cultured who determine which books, essays, poetry, play, film scripts, etc. will appear in the mass media |
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Definition
| A British novelist who protested women’s absence in recorded history. |
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Definition
| A feminist writer who claims that women’s absence in history is a result of male control of scholarship. |
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Definition
| A British author who hypothesizes that men realize that listening to women would involve a renunciation of their privileged position. |
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Definition
| Kramarae’s collaborator on a feminist dictionary. |
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Definition
| An unwanted imposition of sexual requirements in the context of a relationship of unequal power. |
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