Seed Plants

(sporophyte/gametophyte relationship)

-reduced gametophyte that is dependent on sporophyte

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• vascular plants that produce seeds
• gymnosperms (first seed plants to evolve)
• angiosperm (most widespread)
• sporophyte dominant (large)
• gametophyte dependent (few cells)
• pollen (no need for water/ transport by wind)
• ovule: (female gametophyte) -> seed
• ovary -> fruit (angiosperm) 

• consists of the sporophyte embryo packaged along with a food supply within a protective coat

• transport of water and minerals

• specialized for water transport

• specialized cells for support
• xylem cells in angiosperm

Between:

• Green algae v.s. Mosses
• cuticle
• Mosses v.s. Ferns
• vascular tissue
• Ferns v.s. Gymnosperms
• seeds
• Gymnosperm v.s. Angiosperm
• double fertilization

• functions in both support and water transport
• xylem cells in angiosperm

• angiosperm structure specialized fo reproduction

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• bottom of the flower usually green and leafy

• above the septals usually bightly colored

• the male reproductive organs; the sporophylls produce microspores and give rise to male gametophytes
• filament- stalk
• anther- terminal sac where pollen in produced

• the female sporophylls; the organs that make megaspores and female gametophytes
• consists of:
• stigma- sticky tip of the carpel that recieves the pollen
• style- leads to ovary at the base of carpel

• the thickened wall of the fruit developed out of the ovary

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• simple fruit- derived from a single ovary
• aggregate fruit- results from a single flower that has several carpels
• multiple fruits- develops from a group of flowers tightly clustered together

• develop within the anther of stamen; contains the immature male gametophytes

• develop in the ovary; contain the female gametophyte called the embryo sac

Double Fertilization

• characteristic of angiosperm; when the other sperm nucleus fuses with the other two nuclei in the large center cell of the female gametophyte gaining a triploid (3n) nucleus

• triploid tissue that arises from when the triploid nuclues in the center of the embryo sac divides repeatedly

• flowering plants that are vascular seed plants that produce reproductive structures called flowers and fruits