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Chapter 3 terms
Brain terms and definitions
14
Psychology
12th Grade
09/05/2008

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Term
axon
Definition
the long extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the body of the cell
Term
axon terminals
Definition
the hairlike ends of the axon
Term
cell body
Definition
the cell body of the neuron; it contains the nucleus (also called the soma
Term
dendrites
Definition
the branching structure of a neuron that receives messages (attached to the cell body)
Term
myelin sheath
Definition
the fatty substance that surronds and protects some nerve fibers
Term
nucleus
Definition
the organelle in the cell body of the neuron that contains the genetic material of the cell
Term
cerebellum
Definition
located below the back of the cerebrum, regulates balance, posture, movement, and muscle coordination
Term
corpus callosum
Definition
a large bundle of nerve fibers connected to the left and right cerebral hemispheres
Term
frontal lobe
Definition
the top, front regions of each of the cerebral hemispheres, used for reasoning, emotions, judgment, and voluntary movement
Term
medulla oblongata
Definition
lowest section of the brainstem (at the top end of the spinal cord); it controls automatic functions including heartbeat, breathing etc.
Term
occipital lobe
Definition
the region at the back of each cerebral hemisphere that contains the centers of vision and reading ability (located at the back of the head)
Term
parietal lobe
Definition
the middle lobe of each cerebral hemisphere, contains important sensory centers (located at the upper rear of the head)
Term
pituitary gland
Definition
a gland attached at the base of the base of the brain that secretes hormones (located between the pons and the corpus callosum)
Term
pons
Definition
the part of the brainstem that joins the hemispheres of the cerebellum and connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum. (located above the medulla oblongata)
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