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| The trial jury that returns the verdict both in criminal and civil cases. |
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| A court that decides whether or not a trial judge has made a mistake of law. |
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| Subject Matter Jurisdiction |
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| The power of the issues involved in the case. |
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| The litigants right to have a case reviewed by a higher court. |
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| Intermediate courts (often the first of the two higher level courts the second being the state supreme court). |
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| The highest court of a state and the government. |
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| The procedure for requesting a second review. (also known as petition for leave to appeal). |
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| A court especially important to business community because it deals with litigation between business and its customers. |
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| Based on issues arising out of the U.S. constitution or federal statutes. Also deals with cases concerning rights guaranteed by the bill of rights. |
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| The most significant power of the courts. It allows them to review laws passed by the legislative body and declare them unconstitutional and void. It also allows courts to review the actions of the executive branch and to declare them unconstitutional and to take actions against it. |
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| A philosophy used by those who believe that judicial power should be used sparingly. |
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| Philosophy that suggests that the power of the judiciary should be used whenever the needs of society justify its use. |
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