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Chapter 3 Stoichiometry
Chemistry The Central Science 9th Edition
16
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
10/24/2010

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Term
stoichiometry
Definition
The relationships among the quantities of reactants and products involved in chemical reactions.
Term
law of conservation of mass
Definition
A scientific law stating that the total mass of the products of a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass of the reactants, so that mass remains constant during the reaction.
Term
chemical equation
Definition
A representation of a chemical reaction using the chemical formulas of the reactants using the chemical formulas of the reactants and products; a balanced chemical equation contains equal numbers of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.
Term
reactant
Definition
A starting substance in a chemical reaction; it appears to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation.
Term
product
Definition
A substance produced in a chemical reaction; it appears to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation.
Term
combination reaction
Definition
A chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single product.
Term
decomposition reaction
Definition
A chemical reaction in which a single compound reacts to give two or more products.
Term
combustion reaction
Definition
A chemical reaction that proceeds with evolution of heat and usually also a flame; most combustion involves reaction with oxygen, as in the burning of a match.
Term
formula weight
Definition
The mass of the collection of atoms represented by a chemical formula.
Term
molecular weight
Definition
The mass of collection of atoms represented by the chemical formula for a molecule.
Term
mole
Definition
A collection of Avogadro's number (6.022 × 1023) of objects.
Term
Avogadro's number
Definition
The number of 12C atoms in exactly 12 g of 12C; it equals 6.022 × 1023.
Term
molar mass
Definition
The mass of 1 mol of a substance in grams; it is numerically equal to the formula weight in atomic mass units.
Term
limiting reactant (limiting reagent)
Definition
The reactant present in the smallest stoichiometric quantity in a mixture of reactants; the amount of product that can form is limited by the complete consumption of the limiting reactant.
Term
theoretical yield
Definition
The quantity of product that is calculated to form when all of the limiting reagent reacts.
Term
percent yield
Definition
The ratio of the actual (experimental) yield of a product to its theoretical (calculated) yield, multiplied by 100.
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