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| According to uniformatarianism, geologic changes occur _. |
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| _ would be the best example of a GLOBAL catastrophe that could affect the earth's geology. |
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| an asteroid striking the earth |
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| The geologic column is always arranged with the _. |
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| A geologist knows that rock layers are undisturbed when rock layers are _. |
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| a break or crack in the earth's crust |
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| The most common type of unconformity is _. |
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| Atoms with the same number of _ are isotopes. |
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| protons, but a different number of neutrons |
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| _ involves the comparison of rock layers with others in a sequence to determine its age. |
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| Erosion is one of the major causes of missing rock layers known as _. |
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| A fossil used to estimate the date of surrounding rock layers is called _. |
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| _ always occurs at a constant rate. |
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| Geologists would probably use _ to determine the most accurate age of the oldest rocks on earth. |
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| The principal of cross-cutting relations suggests that a geologic feature is _ any other that it crosses. |
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| Where would you go to have the best chance to observe the complete geologic column in nature? |
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| Nowhere. It doesn't exist. |
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| During radioactive decay, _. |
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| radioactive isotopes break down into stable isotopes of other elements. |
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| _ is a process in which wind, water, and gravity move weathered material to another location. |
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| In an undisturbed sequence of rock, _. |
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| newer rocks will be on top of older rocks |
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| The concepts of uniformitarianism and evolution are similar in that they both _. |
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| suggest that the earth and its inhabitants are constantly and gradually changing |
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| Folds, faults, and intrusions are always younger than the rock layers in which they are found because _. |
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| the rock must form before they can form |
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| Radon-22 has a half-life of approximately 4 days. If you begin with a sample containing 32 mg of radon, how many grams of radon will be left after 20 days? |
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| A(n) _ usually represents the largest interval of geologic time. |
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| As long as a sequence of rock layers is undisturbed, scientists can know that _. |
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| younger rocks are on top of older rocks |
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| During the _ eon, the earliest rocks formed on earth. |
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| The sudden appearance of many new and diverse marine invertebrates around 570 million years ago is referred to as the "Cambrian Explosion" and represents the beginning of the _ eon. |
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| The origin or prokaryotes like bacteria and blue-green algae occured during the _ eon. |
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| The _ eon might be called the Age of Protists because during this eon eukaryotes, single-celled organisms with a nucleus, evolved and were the principle life forms for about 2 billion years. |
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| The segment of geologic time that began 65 million years ago and continues at the present time is _. |
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| what do the phanerozoic eon, holocene epoch, cenozoic era, and quartnernary period have in common? |
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| they are all still in progress |
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| the cambrian period is most noted for the tremendous diversity of marine invertebrates that emerged during that period. most present phyla originated then. it represents the beginning of the _ era. |
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| the _ era is commonly called the age of reptiles because for about 180 million years, reptiles were the most abundant and diverse type of vertebrates on earth. |
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| the _ era is commonly called the age of mammals because during this era mammals emerged as the most abundant and diverse type of vertebrates on earth. |
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| the "_ era" ended with the origin of simple multi-cellular organisms. during most of this segment of geologic time unicellular organisms were the only life forms on earth. |
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| the first mammals and birds evolved during the _ era |
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| the first flowering plants evolved during the _ era |
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| the first humans evolved during the _ era |
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| geologic eras typically begin with a rapid increase in the diversity of a particular type of organism and end with a mass extinction. Evidence suggests that _ has(have) contributed to mass extinctions in the earth's history |
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| asteroid strikes, sudden global change, changing ocean currents |
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| evidence suggests that after a mass extinction, many new species evolve because _. |
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| there is less competition for resources in the new changed environment |
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| the earth's fossil record is incomplete because _. |
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| many organisms leave no fossil record, many fossils have been destroyed over time, many fossils have not been found |
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| most fossils are found in _. |
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| which part of an animal is more commonly preserved? |
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| _ allow scientists to determine the relative age of layers of rock |
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| a _ is an example of a trace fossil. |
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| mark left by a dinosaur's tail |
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| _ temperatures can slow down the decay of an organism by severely slowing chemical processes |
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| the _ era ended with the largest mass extinction in the earth's history. |
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| a trilobite buried in ocean sediments would most likely form a _ fossil. |
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| trace fossils can provide evidence about (an animal's) _. |
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| method of movement, behavior, reproduction, and structure |
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| a coprolite can provide evidence about an animal's _. |
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| by studying the relationship between fossils, scientists can learn how _ has changed |
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