Term
| What are four major types of organic molecules and macromolecules? |
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Definition
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids |
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Term
| What are carbohydrates composed of? |
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Definition
| Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. |
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Term
| What are the three subcategories of carbohydrates? |
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Definition
| monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides |
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Term
| What are monosaccharides? |
|
Definition
| The simplest sugars and major nutrients of cells. |
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Term
| How are monosaccharides produced? |
|
Definition
| By photosynthetic organisms. |
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Term
| What do monosaccharides do? |
|
Definition
| Store energy and serve as raw material for other organic molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharides. |
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Term
| How are disaccharides made? |
|
Definition
| Joined by dehydration or a condensation reaction. |
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Term
| How are disaccharides broken apart? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are common examples of disaccharides? |
|
Definition
| Sucrose, maltose, and lactose |
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Term
| What are polysaccharides? |
|
Definition
| Many monosaccharides linked together to form long polymers. |
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Term
| What are examples of polysaccharides? |
|
Definition
| starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin, glycosaminoglycans |
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Term
| What are lipids composed of? |
|
Definition
| Hydrogen and carbon atoms. |
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Term
| What are defining features of lipids? |
|
Definition
| Nonpolar and insoluble in water |
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Term
|
Definition
| A mixture of triglycerides. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Bonding glycerol to three fatty acids |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Dehydration or a condensation reaction |
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|
Term
| How are fats broken apart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two types of fatty acids? |
|
Definition
| Saturated and unsaturated |
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Term
| What are saturated fatty acids and what state are they in at room temperature? |
|
Definition
| Carbons linked by single covalent bonds, usually solid at room temperature |
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Term
| What are unsaturated fatty acids and what state are they in at room temperature? |
|
Definition
| One or more double bonds,liquids at room temperature |
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Term
|
Definition
| energy storage, vital organ cushioning, and heat insulation |
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Term
| What are phospholipids and what are they composed of? |
|
Definition
| major constituent of cell membranes, composed of glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group |
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Term
| What kind of molecules are phosphoplids? |
|
Definition
| amphipathic with polar, hydrophilic phosphate region heads and nonpolar, hydrophbic fatty acids chain tails. |
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Term
| What are steroids made up of? |
|
Definition
| Four interconnected carbon rings |
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Term
| Are steroids water soluble? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main function of cholesterol? |
|
Definition
| To maintain cell membrane fluidity. |
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|
Term
| What are proteins composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many amino acids are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four protein structures? |
|
Definition
| primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary |
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|
Term
| What is primary structure and what is it determined by? |
|
Definition
| An amino acid sequence that is determind by genes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| chemical and physical interactions cause folding, can be irregular or repeating, alpha helices and beta pleated sheets, looks like random coiled regions, shape is specific to function |
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Term
| What is tertiary structure? |
|
Definition
| folding that gives 3D shape, sometimes it's the final level of structure |
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Term
| What are the 5 factors promoting protein folding and stability? |
|
Definition
| hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic effects, Van der Waals forces, and disulfide bridges |
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Term
| What are nucleic acids responsible for? |
|
Definition
| storage, expression, and transmission of genetic info |
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Term
| What are the two classes of nucleic acids? |
|
Definition
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