Term
| What are the two broad groups of chemicals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an inorganic chemical? |
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Definition
| A chemical containing no carbon |
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Term
| What can generally be said about inorganic chemicals? |
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Definition
| Generally relatively small and uncomplicated |
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Term
| Organic chemicals must contain what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can generally said about organic chemicals? |
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Definition
| Generally larger, more complex |
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Term
| What 3 factors makes carbon flexible as far as combining with other elements? |
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Definition
1. Carbon has 4 electrons in it's outer shell, so it's half full, and can have any number of covalent bonds that adds up to 4. (four singles, two doubles, etc)
2. It's very abundant
3. It's very small (allows it to form more bonds due to more possible angles) |
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Term
| Organic chemicals are often made by... |
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Definition
| organisms (living creatures) |
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Term
| What parts are organic chemicals made of? |
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Definition
| The carbon skeleton and functional groups |
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Term
| Where does the bulk of the size and weight come from in an organic chemical? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a carbon skeleton? |
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Definition
| Long chains or rings of Carbon and Hydogen |
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Term
| What element is almost always with carbon and why? |
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Definition
| Hydrogen, because it's the most abundant element in nature |
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Term
| Are Carbon skeletons polar or non polar? Why? |
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Definition
| Non Polar, because the carbon and hydrogen engage in equal sharing (covalent bonds) |
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Term
| are carbon skeletons hydrophilic or hydrophobic? Why? |
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Definition
| Hydrophobic, because the components (hydrogen and carbon) engage in equal sharing (covalent bonds) meaning they have no charge and thus are not attracted to the (also no-charge) water. |
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Term
| What are Functional groups? |
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Definition
| Any other chemical group attached to carbon skeleton that is not carbon or hydrogen |
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Term
| What effect do functional groups have on an organic chemical? |
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Definition
| They can significantly alter the chemistry |
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Term
| What are 7 characteristics of Macromolecules? |
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Definition
1. Usually in long chains but sometimes in ring structures
2. Very large (some of the largest) organic chemicals
3.Made by living organisms
4. Important for cell structure and function
5. Built through monomer/polymer construction
6. Built via Dehydration synthesis
7. Broken out via Hydrolysis |
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Term
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Definition
| A single unit, one organic chemical |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when your body connects a monomer to a chain of polymers (dehydration synthesis occurs)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is dehydration synthesis? |
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Definition
| building a chemical or polymer by taking water out and connecting monomers. |
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Term
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Definition
| The breaking down of polymers, one monomer at a time, using added water |
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Term
| How many types of Macromolecules are there and what are they called? |
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Definition
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4.Nucleic acids |
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Term
| How are all macromolecules similar? How are they different? |
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Definition
All macromolecules are similar in that they share the monomer/polymer construction, we build and tear them down the same way.
Each type of macromolecule, though, uses a different monomer as a building block |
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