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| molecules accumulated in the shallow waters of the ancient |
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| (20) a small molecule w/ central carbon atom bonded to an amino group |
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| water doesn't interact with them |
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| when monomers are linked together |
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| a polymer (macromolecule) consisting of linked amino acid monomers (50 or more amino acids) |
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| very large molecule made up of smaller molecules joined together (polymers) |
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| dehydration reactions (water molecule taken out) |
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| the C-N bond that results from a condensation reaction |
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| resulting molecule from amino acids linked together by peptide bonds into a chain |
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| when less than 50 amino acids are linked together (peptide) |
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| (speed up) substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction and increase rate of reaction |
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| a protein that functions as a catlyst |
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| what biochemists call the unique sequence of amino acids |
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| distinctively shaped sections of proteins that are stabilized largely by hydrogen bonding |
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| polypeptide's backbone is coiled |
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| parts of a peptide chain bend & then fold in the same plane |
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| van der Waals interactions |
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| weak electrical attractions |
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| bridges between distinct regions of the same polypeptide |
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| overall 3-d shape determined by the number, relative positions, and interactions of the subunits |
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| group of enzymes that are physically attached to each other, even though each of the enzymes catalyzes a separate but usually related chemical reaction |
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| A protein that facilitates the three-dimensional folding of newly synthesized proteins, usually by an ATP-dependent mechanism |
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| An infectious form of a protein that is thought to cause disease by inducing the normal form to assume an abnormal three-dimensional structure |
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(1) A reactant that interacts with an enzyme in a chemical reaction.
(2) A surface on which a cell or organism sits. |
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| A high-energy intermediate state of the reactants during a chemical reaction that must be achieved for the reaction to proceed |
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| amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction |
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| portion of an enzyme molecule where substrates (reactant molecules) bind and react |
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| change in the shape of the active site of an enzyme, as the result of the initial weak binding of a substrate, so that it binds substrate more tightly |
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| metal ion or small organic compound that is required for an enzyme to function normally |
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| small organic molecule that is a required cofactor for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
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| Inhibition of an enzyme's ability to catalyze a chemical reaction via a nonreactant molecule that competes with the substrate(s) for access to the active site |
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| Regulation of a protein's function by binding of a regulatory molecule |
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