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| Gently Curved Rods, comma-shaped |
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"Squares" of 4
(Reserved only for cocci). |
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Cublical Packets of 8 cells
(reserved only for cocci) |
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| Selectively Permeable barrier, mechanical boundary of the cell, nutrient & waste transport, location of many metabolic processes. |
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| Buoyancy for floating in aquatic environments. |
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| Storage of Phosphates, Carbon and other substances. |
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| Localization of Genetic Material (DNA). |
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| In gram (-) bacteria, contains hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins for nutrient processing and uptake; in gram (+) bacteria and archeal cells, may be smaller or absent. |
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| provides shape and protection from osmotic stress. |
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| capsules and slime layers |
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| resistance to phagocytosis, adherence to surfaces, rare in Archaebacteria. |
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| Attachment to surfaces, bacterial conjugation and transformation, twitching and gliding motility. |
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| Survival Under Harsh Conditions; only observed in Bacteria. |
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| Helps septum formation in cell division. |
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- Maintains Shape in rod-shaped
- Localizes Proteins/ cell machinery
- Aids Chromosome Segregation
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| Induces Curveture in Rods. |
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Horizontal gene transfer, includes F factor and R plasmids (carry antibiotic resistance gene).
-these make organism more pathogenic, beat host immune system. |
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| carry genes for alternative metabolic substrates. |
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carry genes for colicin production.
-only very toxic to closely related species, give competitive advantage over other bacterias. |
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- lipid-like carbon & energy source.
- found in purple photosynthetic bacteria
- surrounded by a single layer of protein and phospholipids
(no phospoholipid bilayer, not an organelle). |
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-starch-like, carbon and energy source.
-found in many bacteria.
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Polyphosphate reservoirs (metachromatic granules); energy
-Found in many bacteria. |
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| Sulfur Granules/ Globules |
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-Elemental sulfur and H2S for example, energy and electron source.
-found in photosynthetic purple bacteria.
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-polymer of aspartic acid and arginine (amino acids), stored nitrogen source.
-found in cyanobacteria. |
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Carboxysomes (microcompartments)
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-contain RUBISCO and CO2 for carbon fixation rxns.
-surrounded by a protein coat.
-key For organisms to be Autotophic. |
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-found in magnetic bacteria.
-not a storage product, allows orientation for navigation toward nutrients. |
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(really "gas vessicles")
-impermeable to water but permeable to gas.
-provides buoyancy for aquatic bacteria, organisms can change aquatic depths. |
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| site of translation (protein synthesis). |
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| chemically analogous to steroids. which stabalize structure in cytoplasmic membrane. |
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Exopolysaccharide in most cases.
-Serves as a energy storage molecule and/or protection.
-two types: capsules and slime layers. |
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-In Gram (-): adheres to outer membrane
- in Gram + directly associated with peptidoglycan
- in archaea, may be only cell wall component present.
Protects Against:
-pH fluctuation
-Osmotic Stress
-Hydrolytic Enzymes and Predatory Bacteria. |
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attach bacteria to solid surfaces
ex. dental plaques. |
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Involved in bacterial conjugation or transport of molecules in/ out of the cells.
-Allow transfer of plasmids from bacterial cell to another (facilitate horizontal transfer in bacteria). |
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