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| deals with morals and can't be answered by science |
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| energy needed from cells comes from ________. |
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| what are the four macromolecules? |
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| proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids |
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| what are the seven themes of biology? |
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| cell structure & function, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, evolution, interdependence |
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| passive transport - molecules move from high to low concentration area. |
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| concentration of molecules is same throughout a space |
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| difference in concentration of molecules across a space |
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| diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane. passive transport ex) gummy bears in water. |
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| water diffuses out of cell, cell shrinks |
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| water diffuses into cell, cell swells. |
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| no movement, concentration of solutes in & out of cell are equal. (ideal condition) |
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| helped across membrane by carrier proteins that are embedded in membrane. passive transport. |
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| some are always open. others have gates that open to allow ions to pass or close to stop their passage. |
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Definition
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| what is active transport? |
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Definition
| requires energy (ATP). molecules move against concentration gradient- lo to hi. |
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| Active transport often involves __________ _________ like those in facilitated difusions. |
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| Carrier proteins act as _____ that use energy to move ions and molecules across membrane. |
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| What do sodium-potassium pumps do? |
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Definition
| important for muscle contractions. in animal cells, they pump sodium ions out and potassium in, up the concentration gradient. (uses ATP) |
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| ratio for sodium potassium pumps? |
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| cell membrane folds into a pouch that encloses the particles and comes INTO the cell |
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| 1. all cells come from pre-existing cells. 2. all cells are made up of living things. 3. cells are basic unit of living things. |
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| concluded that all plants are made of cells |
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| discovered that all animals are made up of cells |
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| proposed that all cells come from other cells |
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| speed up chemical reactions in the body. |
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| the reactants that the catalyst or enzyme binds with to in turn speed up the reaction. |
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| the ____ _________ is a phospholipid bilayer. keeps the cell together. |
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| the ______ is the main control center of the cell. contains DNA. has a membrane. |
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| basically the "soup" of the cell. |
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| The ________ endoplasmic reticulum produces lipids and other membrane proteins. not covered by ribosomes. |
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| The _____ ER is covered by ribosomes and produces other proteins. |
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| produce proteins. codes for DNA. |
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| the "powerhouse" of the cell. provides ATP. cellular respiration. |
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| _______ are the storage compartments of the cells. hold water in plant cells. |
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| packaging center of the cell. packages different chemicals & proteins and prepares them for transportation. |
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| contain enzymes that help digest food. |
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| __________ are found only in plant cells. contain clorophyll. photosynthesis. |
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| found only in plant cells. rigid outer layer. |
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