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Definition
| portion of neuron that receives signals |
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| portion of neuron that sends signals |
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| spherical sac containing neurotransmitters |
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| chemical messenger specialized for communication from neuron to neuron |
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| space between two connecting neurons through which messages are transmitted |
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| support cell in nervous system that plays a role in the formation of myelin and blood-brain barrier, responds to injury, and removes debris |
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| glial cells forming a fatty coating that prevents certain substances from entering the brain |
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| glial cells wrapped around axons that act as insulators of the neuron's signal |
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Definition
| location that uniquely recognizes a nerotransmitter |
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Definition
| means of recycling neurotransmitters |
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| chemical in the brain that plays a specialized role in pain reduction |
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Definition
| electrical charge difference across the neuronal membrane, when the neuron is not being stimulated or inhibited |
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Definition
| membrane potential necessary to trigger an action potential |
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Definition
| electrical impulse that travels down the axon triggering the release of neurotransmitters |
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| absolute refractory period |
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Definition
| time during which another action potential is impossible; limits maximal firing rate |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of the nervous system to change |
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Term
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Definition
| creation of new neurons in the adult brain |
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Term
| central nervous system (CNS) |
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Definition
| part of nervous system containing brain and spinal cord that controls the mind and behavior |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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Definition
| nerves in the body that extend outside the central nervous system (CNS) |
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Definition
| outermost part of the forebrain, responsible for analyzing sensory processing and higher brain functions |
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| two halves of the cerebral cortex, each of which serve distinct yet highly integrated functions |
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| large band of fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres |
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| forward part of cerebral cortex responsible for motor function, language, memory, and planning |
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| part of frontal lob responsible for body movement |
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| part of frontal lobe responsible for thinking, planning, and language |
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| language area in the prefrontal cortex that helps to control speech production |
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Definition
| upper middle part of the cerebral cortex lying behind the frontal lobe that is specialized for touch and perception |
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Definition
| lower part of cerebral cortex that plays roles in hearing, understanding language, and memory |
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Definition
| part of the temporal lobe involved in understanding speech |
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| back part of cerebral cortex specialized for vision |
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| regions of the cerebral cortex that integrate simpler functions to perform more more complex functions |
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| emotional center of the brain that also plays roles in smell, motivation, and memory |
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Definition
| gateway from the sense organs to the primary sensory cortex....all senses (except smell) go through here before being sent to other parts of the brain |
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| part of the brain responsible for maintaing a constant internal state |
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| part of limbic system that plays key roles in fear, excitement, and arousal |
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| part of the brain that plays a role in spatial memory |
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| brain structure responsible for our sense of balance |
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| part of the brain stem that connects the cortex with the cerebellum |
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Definition
| part of the brain stem involved in basic functions, such as heartbeat and breathing |
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Definition
| thick bundle of nerves that conveys signals between the brain and the body |
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Definition
| neuron that sends messages to other neurons nearby |
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Definition
| an automatic motor response to a sensory stimulus |
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Definition
| pockets in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid, which provide that brain with nutrients and cushion agains injury |
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Definition
| part of the nervous system that conveys information between the CNS and the body, controlling and coordination voluntary movement |
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| part of the nervous system controlling the involuntary actions of our internal organs and glands, which (along with the limbic system) participates in emotion regulation |
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| part of the autonomic nervous system engaged during a crisis or after actions requiring fight or flight |
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| part of autonomic nervous system that controls rest and digestion |
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| system of glands and hormones that controls secretion of blood-borne chemical messengers |
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| chemical released into the bloodstream that influences particular organs and glands |
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| master gland that, under the control of the hypothalamus, directs the other glands of the body |
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Definition
| area of damage due to surgery injury or disease |
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Term
| electroencephalograph (EEG) |
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Definition
| recording of brain's electrical activity at the surface of the skull |
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Definition
| a scanning technique using multiple x-rays to construct 3D images |
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Term
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
| technique that uses magnetic fields to indirectly visualize brain structure |
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Term
| positron emission tomography (PET) |
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Definition
| imaging technique that measures consumption of glucoselike molecules, yielding a picture of neural activity in different regions of the brain |
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Definition
| technique that uses magnetic fields to visualize brain activity |
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Term
| transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) |
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Definition
| technique that applies strong and quickly changing magnetic fields to the surface of the skull that can either enhance or interrupt brain function |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure that involves severing the corpus callosum to reduce the spread of epileptic seizures |
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| cognitive function that relies more on one side of the brain than the other |
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Definition
| slender thread inside a cell's nucleus that carries genes |
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Definition
| genetic material, composed of DNA |
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| percentage of the variability in a trait across individuals that is due to genes |
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| analysis of how traits run in families |
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| analysis of how traits differ in identical versus fraternal twins |
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Definition
| analysis of how traits vary in individuals raised apart from their biological relatives |
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