Term
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Definition
| the thin envelope that surrounds the zygote and later the morula |
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Term
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Definition
| the period that begins at conception and lasts until the developing organism becomes attached to the wall of the uterus about 8-10 days later |
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Term
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Definition
| the period that extends from the time the organism becomes attached to the uterus until the end of the 8th week of pregnancy, when all teh major organs have taken primitive shape |
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Term
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Definition
| this period begins the 9th week after conception with the first signs of the hardening of the bones and continues until birth |
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Term
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Definition
| the series of mitotic cell divisions that transform the zygote into the blastocyst |
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Definition
| variability in the rates of development of different parts of the organism |
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Definition
| variability in the levels of development of different parts of the organism at a given time |
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Definition
| the cluster of cells inside the zona pellicula |
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Term
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Definition
| the cells of the morula, everone of which has the potential to grow an embroy and a normal healthy baby |
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Definition
| the hollow sphere of cells that result from the differentiation of the morula inot the trophoblast and the inner cell mass |
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Term
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Definition
| the collection of cells inside the blastocyst that eventually becomes the embryo |
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Term
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Definition
| the outer layer of cells of the blastocyst that develops into the membranes that protect and support the developing organism |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which a new form emergees through the interactions of the preceding form and its current environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which the blastocyst becomes attached to the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| a thin membrane that holds the amniotic fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the membranes that develops out of the trophoblast. it forms the fetal component of the placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| a soft tube with blood vessell that coneect the developing organism to the placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| cells of the inner cell ass that develop into the outer surface of the skin, nails, teeth, lens of eyes, inner ear, and central nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| cells on the inner cell mass that develop into the digestive system and the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| the cells of the inner cell mass that give rise to the muscles, bones, circulatory system, and inner layers of skin |
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Term
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Definition
| the pattern of development that proceeds from the head down |
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Term
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Definition
| the pattern that proceeds from the middle of the periphery |
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Term
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Definition
| the term used to describe babies weighing 2500 grams or less at birth whether or not they are premature |
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Term
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Definition
| enviromental agents that cause deviations from normal development and can lead to abnomalities or death |
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Term
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Definition
| a syndrome found in babies whose mothers were heavy drinkers while pregnant. Symptoms include abnormally small head and underdeveloped brain, eye abnormalities, congential heart disease, joint anomalies, and malformations in the face |
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Term
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Definition
| a quick simple test used to diagnose the physical state of newborn infants |
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Term
| Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale |
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Definition
| a scale used to assess newborn neurological condition |
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Term
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Definition
| the time that has passed between conception and birth. Normal is 43 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| a baby born before 37th week of pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| the term for newborns who are especially small for their gestational age |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a main protuding branch of a neuron that carries messges to other cells in the form of electical impulses |
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Term
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Definition
| the produring part of a nueron that receives messages from axons of other cells |
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Term
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Definition
| the tiny gap between axons and dendrites |
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Term
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Definition
| a chemical secreted by an cell sending a message that carries the impulse across the synaptic gap to the receiving cell |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of synapse formation |
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Term
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Definition
| a sheath of fatty cells that insulates axons and speeds transmission of nerve impusles from one neuron to the next |
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Term
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Definition
| development of neural connections under genetic controls that occur in any environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of selective dying off of nonfunctiona synpases |
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Term
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Definition
| development of neural connections that is initiated in response to experience |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the central nervous system that extends from below the waist to the base of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| the base of the brain which controls elementary reactions like blinking and sucking, as well as breathing and sleeping |
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Term
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Definition
| the brains outermost layer. the networks of neurons here integrate information from several sources with memories of past experiences, processing them in a way that results in human forms of thoughts and action |
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Definition
| the area of the brain for nonreflex or voluntary movement |
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Definition
| the areas of the cerebral cortex for the initial analysis of sensory infomration |
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Term
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Definition
| the process in which attention to a novelty decreases with repeated exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| the term used to describe the situation in which an infant's interest is renewed after a change in the stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest sound categories in human speech that distringuish meanings. Phonomes vary from language to language |
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Term
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Definition
| a specific automatic response to a specific type of stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| the understanding that a certain object or event can be stimulated stimultanously percieved by more than one sensory system |
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Term
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Definition
| a feeling state produced by the distinctive physicological responses and cognitive evaluations that motivate action |
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Term
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Definition
| the term for the indivdual modes of repsonding to the environment that appear to be consistent across situations and over time. Categorized by activity level, ease they become upset, reaction to novelty, sociability |
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Term
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Definition
| a relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experiences of events in the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| learning in which previously exsisting behaviors come to be elicited by new stimuli |
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Term
| conditional stimulus (CS) |
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Definition
| classical conditionining, stimuls that elicits a behavior that is dependent on the way it is pared with the unconditional stimulus (UCS) |
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Term
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Definition
| the stimulus that invariabily casues the unconditional response |
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Term
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Definition
| a response to the conditional stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| learning in which changes in behavior are shaped by the consequences of that behavior, thereby giving rise to new and more complete behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| a consequences that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated |
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget, a mental structure that gives an organism a model for action in similar circumstances |
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Term
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Definition
| Pgt: twofold process involving assimilation and accommodation |
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Term
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Definition
| pgt: various experiences are mentally taken in by the organism and incorporated into existing schemas |
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Term
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Definition
| Pgt: modification of a previous schema so that it can be applied to both old and new experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| Pgt: back and forth process of the child's seeking a fit between existing schemas and new environmental experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| Pgt: stage of infancy during which the process of adaptation consists of coordinating sensory perceptions and simple motor behavior to get new knowledge from world |
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Term
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Definition
| pgt: infant's tendency to repeat pleasurable bodily actions for their own sake |
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Term
| primary intersubjectivity |
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Definition
| the emotial sharing that occurs betwen infants and their caregivers. restricted to face-to-face communication |
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