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| Substance made up of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical means. |
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| Smallest basic unit of matter. |
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| Substance made of atoms of different elements that are bonded together in a particular ratio. |
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| Atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons |
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| Chemical bond formed through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions. |
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| Chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. |
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| two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds; not necessarily a compound |
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| Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom. |
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| Attraction between molecules of the same substance. |
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| Attraction between molecules of different substances. |
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| Mixture that is consistent throughout; also called a homogeneous mixture. |
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| Substance in which solutes dissolve and that is present in greatest concentration in a solution. |
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| Substance that dissolves in a solvent and is present at a lower concentration than the solvent. |
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| Compound that donates a proton (H+) when dissolved in a solution. |
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| Compound that accepts a proton (H+) when dissolved in solution. |
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| measurement of acidity; related to free hydrogen ion concentration in solution. |
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| Molecular subunit of a polymer. |
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| Large, carbon-based molecule formed by monomers. |
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| molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and starches. |
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| Nonpolar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes fats and oils. |
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| Hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid. |
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| Polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids. |
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| Polymer of nucleotides; the genetic material of organisms. |
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| Process by which substances change into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. |
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| Substance that is changed by a chemical reaction. |
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| Substance formed by a chemical reaction. |
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| Amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular atoms; or the amount of energy released when a bond forms between two particular atoms. |
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| Condition in which reactants and products of a chemical reaction are formed at the same rate. |
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| Energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction. |
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| Chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in the form of heat. |
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| Chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy. |
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| Substance that decreases activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction. |
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| Protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms. |
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| Reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts. |
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