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Definition
| a nerve cell; basic building block of the nervous system |
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Definition
| the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body |
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| the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibres, through which messages pass to other neurons, muscles, or glands |
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| a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibres of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next |
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Definition
| a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. |
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| The action potential is generated by ____. |
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Definition
| the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane. |
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Definition
| the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse |
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Definition
| the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron |
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Definition
| chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gap between neurons |
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| When released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the ___ and bind to ___ ___ on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse. |
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Definition
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Definition
| a neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction |
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| Alzheimer's disease is linked to deficiency of this neurotransmitter |
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Definition
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Definition
| influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion |
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| Too much of this neurotransmitter leads to schizophrenia; too little leads to Parkinson's |
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Definition
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Definition
| affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal |
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Definition
| Helps control alertness and arousal |
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Term
| endorphins ("___ within") |
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Definition
| ("morphine within") natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
| excite; agonists may mimic a neurotransmitter's effects or may limit its reuptake |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit; antagonists may inhibit a neurotransmitter's release |
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Definition
| when excess neurotransmitters are taken back up by the sending neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells |
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Term
| central nervous system (CNS) |
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Definition
| the brain and spinal cord |
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| peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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Definition
| the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| neural "cables" containing many axons. These bundled axons, which are part of the PNS, connect the CNS with muscles, glands, and sense organs |
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Definition
| neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS |
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Definition
| neurons that carry outgoing information from the CNS to the muscles and glans |
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| CNS neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs |
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Definition
division of the PNS that controls the skeletal muscles
the muscles we want to move |
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Definition
the part of the PNS that controls the glands and internal organs
the muscles that naturally move |
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| sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body in stressful situations |
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| parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body |
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Definition
| the body's slow chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream |
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Definition
| chemical messengers that are produced in one tissue and affect another |
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Definition
| (endocrine) secrete the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline) that help arouse the body in stressful times |
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Definition
| (endocrine) the most significant gland; the master endocrine gland; regulates growth and controls other glands |
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Definition
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Term
| electroencephalogram (EEG) |
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Definition
| an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. measured by electrodes on the scalp. |
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Term
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI |
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Definition
a technique that uses magnetics fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue; allows us to see structures within the brain
fMRI allows us to see brain function |
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Term
| positron emissions tomography (PET) scan |
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Definition
| uses radioactive glucose to show brain activity through where the glucose is being used up |
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