Term
|
Definition
| culture affects the basic attitudes, values, and behaviors that children learn through a process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the individual characteristics, attitudes, needs, and behaviors that set one person apart from another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all societies, despite their differences, hve developed certain general practices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the evaluation of a people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| making known or sharing the existance of some aspect of reality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a result when existing cultural items are combined into a form that did not exist before |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the world-wide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process through which the principles of the fast-food restaurant have come to dominate certain sectors of society, both in the US and thoughtout the world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires" - Gerhard Lenski |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives including food, items, houses, factories, and raw materials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ways of using material objects and to customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differs from the pattern of the larger society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a subculture conspicuously and deliberaletly opposes certain aspects of the larger culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the feeling of disorientation, uncertainty, out of place, even fearful when immersed in an unfamiliar culture
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the established standards of behavior maintained by a society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social standards that have been written down and specify strict punishment of violators |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social standards that are generally understood but are not precisely recorded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "governmental social control" meaning formal norms that are enforced by the state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society, often because they embody the most cherished principles of people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| norms governing everyday behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper - or bad, undesireable, and improper |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the polarization of society over controversial elements of culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the set of cultural belief and practices that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the systematic study of how biology affects human social behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a distinct identity that sets one apart from others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the self is the product of our social interactions with other people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the gestures, objects, and language that form the basis of human communication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of mentally assuming the perspective of another in order to respond from that imagined viewpoint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole that a child takes into account in his or her behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| altering of the presentation of the self |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| everday social interactions that are explicit parallels to the theater that his view |
|
|
Term
| cognitive theory of developoment |
|
Definition
four stages in the development of children's thought process
(1) sensorimotor
(2) preoperational
(3) concrete operational
(4) formal operational
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| young children use their senses to make discoveries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| children begin to use words and sybmbols to distingusih objects and ideas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stage that children engage in more logical thinking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adolescents become capable of sphisticated abstract thought and can deal with ideas and values in a logical manner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(1) family
(2) school
(3) peer groups
(4) Mass media and technology
(5) workplace |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of maes and females |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social factors that influence people throughout their lives, from birth to death |
|
|
Term
| anticipatory socialization |
|
Definition
| the process of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and social relationships |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| institiutions such as prisons, the miltary, mental hospitals, and convents, which regulate all aspects of a person's life under a single authority |
|
|
Term
| four common traits of total institutions |
|
Definition
(1) all aspects of life are conducted in the same place under the control of a single authority
(2) any acticites within the institution are conductd in the company of others in the same circumstances
(3) the authorities devise rules and schedules activities without consulting the participants
(4) all aspects of life within a total instituion are designed to fulfill the purpose of the organization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an aspect of the resocialization process withing total institutions, in which people are subjected to humiliating rituals |
|
|
