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| the widespread occurrence of group behavior disorders that were apparently cases of hysteria |
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| a disorder that included an uncontrollable impulse to dance that was often attributed to the bite of the southern European tarantula or wolf spider |
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| dancing mania later spread to Germany and the rest of Europe from Italy known as tarantism |
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| a condition in which people believed themselves to be possessed by wolves and imitated their behavior. |
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| the expulsion or attempted expulsion of a supposed evil spirit from a person or place. |
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| sanctuaries or places of refuge meant solely for the care of people with mental illness |
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| the state of being seriously mentally ill; madness |
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| instrumental in the development of a more humane psychological approach to the custody and care of psychiatric patients, referred to today as moral therapy. |
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| a pleasant country house where patients with mental illness lived, worked, and rested in a kindly, reli- gious atmosphere, founded by William Tuke. |
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Passed in 1845 in England, which required every county to provide asylum to “paupers and lunatics” (Scull, 1996). Britain’s policy of providing more humane treatment of people with mental illness was substantially expanded to the colonies (Australia, Canada, India, West Indies, South Africa, etc.) after a widely publicized incident of maltreatment of patients that occurred in Kingston, Jamaica, prompted an audit of colonial facilities and practices
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| wide-ranging method of treatment that focused on a patient’s social, individual, and occupational needs |
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| advocated a method of treatment that focused almost exclusively on the physical well-being of hospitalized patients with mental illness. |
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| the process of reducing the number of psychiatric patients that are held and treated in mental hospitals. This is brought about by devising plans and means of providing mental health and other needed services in the community. |
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| psychoanalytic perspective |
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| dictates that behavior is determined by your past experiences that are left in the Unconscious Mind (people are unaware of them). |
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| methods used to study and treat patients |
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| hypnosis brought on by animal magnetism. |
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| French hypnosis-centered school of psychotherapy |
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| the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions |
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| the portion of the mind that contains experiences of which a person is unaware |
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| having patients talk freely about themselves, thereby providing information about their feelings, motives, and so forth |
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| having patients record and describe their dreams. |
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| organized around a central theme: the role of learning in human behavior. Although this perspective was initially developed through research in the laboratory rather than through clinical practice, its implications for explaining and treating maladaptive behavior soon became evident |
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| a form of learning in which a neutral stimulus is paired repeatedly with an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits an unconditioned behavior |
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| the theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behavior patterns. |
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| method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior |
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| (1490–1541) A Swiss physician who rejected demonology as a cause of abnormal behavior. Paracelsus believed in psychic causes of mental illness. |
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| (1515–1582) A Spanish nun, since canonized, who argued that mental disorder was an illness of the mind |
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| (1515–1588) A German physician who argued against demonology and was ostracized by his peers and the Church for his progressive views. |
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(1576–1640) An Oxford scholar who wrote a classic, influential treatise on depression, The Anatomy of Melancholia,
in 1621.
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(1732–1822) An English Quaker who established the York Retreat, where patients with mental illness lived in humane surroundings.
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| (1745–1826) A French physician who pioneered the use of moral management in La Bicêtre and La Salpêtrière hospitals in France, where patients with mental illness were treated in a humane way |
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| (1745–1813) An American physician and the founder of American psychiatry, who used moral management, based on Pinel’s humanitarian methods, to treat people with mental disturbances |
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(1802–1887) An American teacher who founded the mental hygiene movement in the United States, which focused on the physical well-being of patients with mental illness in hospitals.
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(1876–1943) An American who campaigned to change public attitudes toward patients with mental illness after his own experiences in mental institutions.
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(1734–1815) An Austrian physician who conducted early investigations into hypnosis as a medical treatment.
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| (1856–1926) A German psychiatrist who developed the first diagnostic system. |
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| (1856–1939) The founder of the school of psychological therapy known as psychoanalysis |
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(1832–1920) A German scientist who established the first experimental psychology laboratory in 1879 and subsequently influenced the empirical study of abnormal behavior.
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| (1860–1944) An American psychologist who adopted Wundt’s methods and studied individual differences in mental processing. |
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(1867–1956) An American psychologist who established the first psychological clinic in the United States, focusing on problems of children with mental deficiencies. He also founded the journal The Psychological Clinic in 1907.
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| (1869–1963) An American psychologist who established the Chicago Juvenile Psychopathic Institute and advanced the idea that mental illness was due to environmental, or sociocultural, factors. |
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| (1849–1936) A Russian physiologist who published classical studies in the psychology of learning. |
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| (1878–1958) An American psychologist who conducted early research into learning principles and came to be known as the father of behaviorism |
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| (1904–1990) An American learning theorist who developed the school of learning known as operant conditioning and was influential in incorporating behavioral principles into B.F. Skinner influencing behavioral change. |
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