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CHAPTER 2 - Foundations of Communication
Paul H. LeBlanc III
39
Communication
Undergraduate 1
10/10/2012

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Term
Culture
Definition
The totallity of learned shared symbols, language, values, and norms that distinguish one group of people from another.
Term
Societies
Definition
Groups of people who share common symbols, language, values, and norms.
Term
In-groups
Definition
Groups of people with which a person identifies.
Term
Out-groups
Definition
Groups of people with which a person does not identify.
Term
Ethnicity
Definition
Peoples perceptions of ancestry or heritage.
Term
Nationality
Definition
One's status as a citizen of a particular country.
Term
Enculturation
Definition
The process of acquiring a culture.
Term
Co-cultures
Definition
Groups of people who share values, customs, and norms related to mutual interests or characteristics besides their national citizenship.
Term
Individualistic Culture
Definition
A culture in which people believe that their primary responsibility is to themselves.
Term
Collectivistic Culture
Definition
A culture in which people believe that their primaru responsibility is to their families, their communitites, and their employers.
Term
Low-context Culture
Definition
A culture in which people are expected to be direct and to say what they mean.
Term
High-context culture
Definition
A culture in which people are taught to speak inan indirect, explicit way.
Term
Low-power-distance Culture
Definition
A culture in which people believe that no one person or group should have excessive power.
Term
High-power-distance Culture
Definition
A culture in which ceratin groups, such as the royal family or the members of the ruling political party, have much greater power than the average citizen.
Term
Masculine Culture
Definition
A culture in which people cherish traditionally masculine values and prefer sex specific roles for woman and men.
Term
Feminine Culture
Definition
A culture in which peopple cherish traditionally feminine qualities and prefer little differenetiation in the roles of women and men.
Term
Monochronic Culture
Definition
A culture that views time as a finite and tangible commodity.
Term
Polychronic Culture
Definition
A culture that views time as holistic, fluid, and infinite.
Term
Uncertainty Avoidance
Definition
The extent to which people try to avoid situations that are unstructured, unclear, or unpredictable.
Term
Mindful
Definition
Aware - as in being aware of how other cultures' behaviors and ways of thinking are likely to differ from one's own.
Term
Ethnocentrism
Definition
The tendency to judge other culture's practices as inferior to one's own.
Term
Communication Codes
Definition
Verbal and nonverbal behaviors whose meanings are often understood only by people from the same culture.
Term
Adapt
Definition
To change one's behavior to accommodate what others are doing.
Term
Boundaries
Definition
Term
Symbols
Definition
Term
Languages
Definition
Term
Norms
Definition
Term
Values
Definition
Term
Stories
Definition
Term
Rituals
Definition
Term
Myths
Definition
Term
Visibility
Definition
Term
Interpersonal Interaction - International
Definition
Term
Interpersonal Interaction - Domestic
Definition
Term
Ways of Communicating
Definition
-Sharing meaning
-Sharing values
-Sharing experience
Term
Worldviews
Definition
-Individualism vs. collectivism
-Low vs. high context
-Low vs. high power distance
-Masculine vs. feminine
-Monochronic vs. polychronic
-Objective vs. subjective
Term
Opposing needs of individuals
Definition
-Process
-Relation
-Contradiction
Term
Dialectic Tensions
Definition
-Cultural/individual
-Social/personal
-Difference/similarity
-Static/dynamic
-Present/past
-Privilege/disadvantage
Term
Linguistic Features
Definition
-Presentation of self
-Distribution of talk
-Information structure
-Content organization
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